Mapping the localization of the facial artery and vein at the inferior border of the mandible for clinical applications

To spatially map the position of the facial artery and vein along the inferior border of the mandible based on specific facial reference points.

This cross-sectional study included 40 sides of 21 formalin-fixed cadaver heads (11 female, 10 male) with a mean age of 72.92 ± 11.72 years. Superficial dissection was performed to visualize the facial artery and vein at the inferior border of the mandible (FA and FV). Measurements were taken from the FA and FV to various facial landmarks using a digital caliper and medical protractor. Statistical analysis was conducted using Shapiro–Wilk, independent sample t-tests, and paired sample t-tests.

The mean distance between FA and FV was 6.20 ± 2.97 mm. Distances from FA and FV to gnathion, oral commissure, nasal wing, lateral canthus, angle of mandible, intertragic notch, and Manson's point were determined, with no significant differences found between sides and genders (p > 0.05). The closest distances from FA and FV to the line between the intertragic notch and oral commissure were 38.63 ± 4.86 mm and 37.78 ± 5.28 mm, respectively. The angular measurements of FA and FV with inferior border of mandible were 61.45 ± 13.71 and 76.56 ± 10.17 degrees, respectively. The angle between intertragic notch, FA and oral commisure was 102.40 ± 11.12 degrees.

The detailed measurements and analysis provided in this study aim to enhance the precision of surgical interventions involving the facial artery and vein. The practical localization methods proposed can assist in minimizing the risk of vascular injuries, improving outcomes in reconstructive and aesthetic procedures.