<p>Taiwan is a diverse society that includes Indigenous people as well as settlers who migrated from Mainland China and other parts of the world throughout history. While centuries of assimilationist policies have led to systemic disadvantages to Taiwan’s Indigenous people, in the past few decades, diversity and multiculturalism have been increasingly recognized as positive features of Taiwan worth appreciating and cultivating. This study aims to examine how contemporary social studies textbooks in Taiwan represent Indigenous people, identifying the extent to which textbooks employ a multicultural lens. It starts by introducing assimilationism and Han centrism in the context of Taiwan and its education, contrasting these concepts with multiculturalism and “critical multiculturalism.” Then, it elaborates on our methodology and aims, and how we use content analysis as a research method. In our findings section, we argue that contemporary social studies textbooks in Taiwan showcase more critical multicultural themes than has been the case in the past, but systematic obstacles remain to be addressed. Finally, the paper discusses the implications and contributions of our findings and this research.</p>