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<p><i>Anisakis simplex</i> complex is a major causative agent of human anisakiasis, but species composition and tissue distribution, including intra-vitam muscle parasitism, remain unclear. We investigated the prevalence and tissue localization of <i>Anisakis</i> larvae in live-caught Pacific chub mackerel (<i>Scomber japonicus</i>) from four Japanese regions. A high-resolution melting (HRM) assay targeting the ITS region enabled high-throughput discrimination of <i>A. simplex</i> sensu stricto (s.s.), <i>A. pegreffii</i>, <i>A. berlandi</i>, and <i>A. simplex</i> s.s. × <i>A. pegreffii</i> hybrids. In Iwate and Shizuoka (Pacific coast), <i>A. simplex</i> s.s. was predominant in both viscera and muscle tissues, with a positive correlation between tissue burdens and a ventral bias of muscle larvae. In Fukui (Sea of Japan), overall prevalence was high, and the viscera showed a mixed sibling-species composition, whereas muscle larvae were predominantly <i>A. simplex</i> s.s. In Nagasaki (East China Sea), <i>A. pegreffii</i> dominated the viscera, but only <i>A. simplex</i> s.s. occurred in muscle. These findings indicate that <i>A. simplex</i> s.s. can parasitize muscle of live mackerel and that heavier visceral infections are associated with greater muscle involvement. This study underscores the importance of sibling-species monitoring, proper cold-chain and evisceration management, and HRM assays for effective surveillance to mitigate anisakiasis risk.</p>

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Anisakis larvae in live-caught chub mackerel from Japan: tissue-specific distribution and sibling species identification

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月4日

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  • Fumio Takizawa,
  • Fumiya Ito,
  • Chiaki Ose,
  • Koki Kakita,
  • Gakuto Nakazono,
  • Ryuto Iguchi,
  • Eiji Miyawaki,
  • Reito Kamimura,
  • Daisuke Shimizu,
  • Tomoki Maeda,
  • Hideaki Matsui,
  • Hirokazu Suzaki,
  • Kei Zenimoto,
  • Atsushi Ido,
  • Miwa Kuroyanagi,
  • Masatomi Hosoi,
  • Masahito Matsukawa,
  • Yasutoshi Yoshiura,
  • Masami Hamaguchi,
  • Maki Ohtani,
  • Toshiaki Miyadai,
  • Hiroaki Suetake

摘要

Anisakis simplex complex is a major causative agent of human anisakiasis, but species composition and tissue distribution, including intra-vitam muscle parasitism, remain unclear. We investigated the prevalence and tissue localization of Anisakis larvae in live-caught Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) from four Japanese regions. A high-resolution melting (HRM) assay targeting the ITS region enabled high-throughput discrimination of A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.), A. pegreffii, A. berlandi, and A. simplex s.s. × A. pegreffii hybrids. In Iwate and Shizuoka (Pacific coast), A. simplex s.s. was predominant in both viscera and muscle tissues, with a positive correlation between tissue burdens and a ventral bias of muscle larvae. In Fukui (Sea of Japan), overall prevalence was high, and the viscera showed a mixed sibling-species composition, whereas muscle larvae were predominantly A. simplex s.s. In Nagasaki (East China Sea), A. pegreffii dominated the viscera, but only A. simplex s.s. occurred in muscle. These findings indicate that A. simplex s.s. can parasitize muscle of live mackerel and that heavier visceral infections are associated with greater muscle involvement. This study underscores the importance of sibling-species monitoring, proper cold-chain and evisceration management, and HRM assays for effective surveillance to mitigate anisakiasis risk.