Greener seas: trade-offs in carbon emission reduction and fuel efficiency in Indian marine fisheries
摘要
The detrimental effects of climate change have necessitated the development of strategies to address the issue of carbon emissions. In this study, an attempt was made to quantify carbon emissions from marine capture fisheries of India. Emission reduction strategies and alternative futures of fuel consumption were also analysed, with an emphasis on economic and environmental implications. The four principal maritime states (Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Maharashtra) in terms of the fleet size in marine capture fisheries were selected for analysis. The assessment revealed that the carbon footprint of marine capture fisheries reached 4.31 million t CO2 in 2016–2017, an increase of 22% from emission levels observed in 2010–2011. On an intensity basis, carbon emissions averaged 1.21 kg CO2/kg of fish landed, with multi-day trawlers in Gujarat recording the highest values (up to 5.78 kg CO2/kg) and mechanized purse seiners in Kerala the lowest. In terms of absolute emissions, Gujarat reported the highest total (1.9 million t CO2), followed by Tamil Nadu (1.02 million t), while Maharashtra and Kerala recorded comparable totals (0.64 and 0.62 million t, respectively). Three scenarios ensuring economic and environmental trade-offs were simulated as alternatives for fuel reduction, broadly categorized into technological changes, alternative fuels, and policy interventions. It was found that technology changes and alternative fuels can be viable options for a greener fishery.