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<p>We investigated the temporal patterns of free-living bacterial communities in the Tama River, a representative urban river in Japan, by taking monthly samples for more than 3 years and conducting shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The bacterial communities exhibited clear seasonal fluctuations in composition and diversity. <i>Flavobacterium</i> remained abundant throughout spring and autumn, while the relative abundance of <i>Mycobacterium</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i> increased in winter. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed a significant correlation of the bacterial communities with water temperature and salinity. Notably, the increased presence of <i>Bacteroides</i> during low-flow periods likely reflected a higher input of treated wastewater. Time-series correlation analysis using fastLSA successfully classified all detected bacteria into distinct groups based on their positive or negative correlations with water temperature and/or with other bacteria over time. Our findings from multi-year, high-frequency metagenomic studies provide some of the most comprehensive insights into the recurrent dynamics of free-living bacteria in an urban river ecosystem. Our results suggest that water temperature and anthropogenic inputs are the main drivers of recurring seasonal patterns in free-living bacterial communities in urban rivers. These communities thus hold potential as indicators of both natural environmental variability and human impact.</p>

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Seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities in the Tama River: implications of environmental factors and human activities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月22日

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  • Nanami Mizusawa,
  • Md. Shaheed Reza,
  • Chiharu Oikawa,
  • Satomi Kuga,
  • Saki Yanagisawa,
  • Daisuke Ouchi,
  • Atsushi Kobiyama,
  • Yuichiro Yamada,
  • Yuri Ikeda,
  • Mitsuru Jimbo,
  • Ko Yasumoto,
  • Shugo Watabe

摘要

We investigated the temporal patterns of free-living bacterial communities in the Tama River, a representative urban river in Japan, by taking monthly samples for more than 3 years and conducting shotgun metagenomic sequencing. The bacterial communities exhibited clear seasonal fluctuations in composition and diversity. Flavobacterium remained abundant throughout spring and autumn, while the relative abundance of Mycobacterium and Bacteroides increased in winter. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis revealed a significant correlation of the bacterial communities with water temperature and salinity. Notably, the increased presence of Bacteroides during low-flow periods likely reflected a higher input of treated wastewater. Time-series correlation analysis using fastLSA successfully classified all detected bacteria into distinct groups based on their positive or negative correlations with water temperature and/or with other bacteria over time. Our findings from multi-year, high-frequency metagenomic studies provide some of the most comprehensive insights into the recurrent dynamics of free-living bacteria in an urban river ecosystem. Our results suggest that water temperature and anthropogenic inputs are the main drivers of recurring seasonal patterns in free-living bacterial communities in urban rivers. These communities thus hold potential as indicators of both natural environmental variability and human impact.