<p>This study investigated the effects of implementing sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) strategies on the financial performance of Vietnamese fisheries exporting companies. Regression estimations for the panel data, including pooled ordinary least square (OLS), fix effects, random effects, and generalized least square models were explored with the dataset, which included 144 observations, obtained from the financial statements and annual reports disclosed by 24 fisheries companies listed on the Vietnamese stock market from 2017 to 2022. The findings indicated an inverted U-shaped relationship between the number of sustainable practices implemented and financial performance of the fisheries companies (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.1), suggesting an increasing implementation of sustainable practices in the supply chain might initially enhance performance, but beyond a certain threshold, costs outweigh the benefits. Furthermore, the positive perspectives of company leaders have the positive influences, while age of the top leader were found to negatively effects on financial performance. Financial resources such as total assets and financial leverage have been addressed as the positively factors affecting financial performance of the Vietnamese fisheries companies. This study emphasized that Vietnamese fisheries companies need to carefully consider the optimal number of supply chain management strategies and to have proactive leadership to achieve both sustainability and financial goals.</p>