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Purpose <p>Research has shown that there is no single factor that can cause cancer. However, exposure to ionizing radiation from sources like imaging modalities is a known risk factor for cancer. Therefore, mammography examinations, which are one of the key techniques for cancer screening or diagnosis in breast imaging, are a likely cancer risk factor. This study was done to understand the population’s likelihood of developing or dying from breast cancer as a result of mammography examinations.</p> Method <p>This study explores models from the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VII) Report to estimate cancer risk for women undergoing mammography examinations (from ten digital mammography machines) using Excess Absolute Risk (EAR) and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) Models. The Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) which is the dosimetric quantity in mammography was recorded from MGD values displayed on control console of the digital machines. The MGD was subsequently used to estimate the EAR using the BEIR VII Model. The LAR was also estimated by interpolation from LAR tables of breast cancer incidence and mortality from the BEIRVII Model.</p> Results <p>An overall average MGD of 1.82 mGy resulted in an estimated EAR of 8.20 per 100,000 population. The average EAR obtained was 8.20 per 100,000, thus for a population of 100,000 women who undergo regular mammography screening, about 8 additional cases of breast cancer may occur due to radiation exposure from mammograms, on top of the baseline for breast cancer risk per year. The mean Lifetime Attributable Risk for breast cancer incidence (LARi) and mortality (LARm) are 52.15 per 100,000 and 15.93 per 100,000 respectively, which is approximately 1 in 1,918 women and 1 in 6,277 women respectively.</p> Conclusions <p>Lifetime Attributable Risk for cancer incidence and mortality estimated among some women undergoing mammography examinations in Ghana were low. The MGD, EAR, LAR for cancer incidence and mortality values for this study were comparable to those in other studies. However, consistent patient dose audit is recommended at all the considered facilities to strengthen patient protection.</p>

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Estimation of breast cancer risk for women undergoing digital mammography examinations using BEIR VII model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月28日

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  • Adriana Asare Ampene,
  • Prince Kwabena Gyekye,
  • Mary Boadu,
  • Stephen Inkoom,
  • Edem Kwabla Sosu,
  • Rita Kwabea Osei

摘要

Purpose

Research has shown that there is no single factor that can cause cancer. However, exposure to ionizing radiation from sources like imaging modalities is a known risk factor for cancer. Therefore, mammography examinations, which are one of the key techniques for cancer screening or diagnosis in breast imaging, are a likely cancer risk factor. This study was done to understand the population’s likelihood of developing or dying from breast cancer as a result of mammography examinations.

Method

This study explores models from the Biologic Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR VII) Report to estimate cancer risk for women undergoing mammography examinations (from ten digital mammography machines) using Excess Absolute Risk (EAR) and Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) Models. The Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) which is the dosimetric quantity in mammography was recorded from MGD values displayed on control console of the digital machines. The MGD was subsequently used to estimate the EAR using the BEIR VII Model. The LAR was also estimated by interpolation from LAR tables of breast cancer incidence and mortality from the BEIRVII Model.

Results

An overall average MGD of 1.82 mGy resulted in an estimated EAR of 8.20 per 100,000 population. The average EAR obtained was 8.20 per 100,000, thus for a population of 100,000 women who undergo regular mammography screening, about 8 additional cases of breast cancer may occur due to radiation exposure from mammograms, on top of the baseline for breast cancer risk per year. The mean Lifetime Attributable Risk for breast cancer incidence (LARi) and mortality (LARm) are 52.15 per 100,000 and 15.93 per 100,000 respectively, which is approximately 1 in 1,918 women and 1 in 6,277 women respectively.

Conclusions

Lifetime Attributable Risk for cancer incidence and mortality estimated among some women undergoing mammography examinations in Ghana were low. The MGD, EAR, LAR for cancer incidence and mortality values for this study were comparable to those in other studies. However, consistent patient dose audit is recommended at all the considered facilities to strengthen patient protection.