Purpose <p>The annual incidence of spinal cord injury has not decreased despite global endeavors to improve vehicle and workplace safety. Despite the significant medical, psychosocial, and economical burdens on patients, families, communities, and societies, neither curative methods nor promising treatments, including rehabilitation strategies, has yet emerged.</p> Methods <p>To address the current limitations in recovery, the authors here narratively reviewed four of the most up-to-date bioengineering-based therapeutics, ranging from noninvasive to invasive approaches and spanning strong to emerging evidence, selected through analysis of literature from the past 40 years on spinomodulation.</p> Results <p>Given variability and controversy, definitive conclusions about their availability in practice are premature. Nevertheless, based on current reviews, the recommended order of therapeutic strength priority is: repetitive trans-cranial/-spinal magnetic stimulation, whole body vibration, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation. In terms of safety, the priority shifts to: transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, whole body vibration, repetitive trans-cranial/-spinal magnetic stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation.</p> Conclusions <p>Collaboration of spinomodulating therapeutics with gene or omics therapy may the great thumb in SCI in the future.</p>

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Novel spino-modulating strategies for neurological-/functional-recovery in spinal cord injury

  • Yijeong Kim,
  • Hyunjin Park,
  • Hoyong Choi,
  • Kukbin Ji,
  • Minkyu Kim,
  • Chang Ho Hwang

摘要

Purpose

The annual incidence of spinal cord injury has not decreased despite global endeavors to improve vehicle and workplace safety. Despite the significant medical, psychosocial, and economical burdens on patients, families, communities, and societies, neither curative methods nor promising treatments, including rehabilitation strategies, has yet emerged.

Methods

To address the current limitations in recovery, the authors here narratively reviewed four of the most up-to-date bioengineering-based therapeutics, ranging from noninvasive to invasive approaches and spanning strong to emerging evidence, selected through analysis of literature from the past 40 years on spinomodulation.

Results

Given variability and controversy, definitive conclusions about their availability in practice are premature. Nevertheless, based on current reviews, the recommended order of therapeutic strength priority is: repetitive trans-cranial/-spinal magnetic stimulation, whole body vibration, transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation. In terms of safety, the priority shifts to: transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation, whole body vibration, repetitive trans-cranial/-spinal magnetic stimulation, epidural electrical stimulation.

Conclusions

Collaboration of spinomodulating therapeutics with gene or omics therapy may the great thumb in SCI in the future.