Grassroots Resistance and Racialized Erasure: U.S. News Representations of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women, Girls, and Two-Spirit People
摘要
Indigenous women, girls, and Two-Spirit people experience an incidence of disappearance, homicide, and sexual assault at rates 10 times higher than the national average. Despite these alarming statistics, Indigenous women and girls receive minimal coverage in mainstream media. This study addresses gaps in knowledge and aims to understand the lack of public attention in the U.S. by examining how the crisis of Missing and Indigenous Women, Girls, and Two-Spirit People (MMIWG2S) is portrayed to the public in U.S. news. We conducted a reflexive thematic content analysis of 113 articles published in U.S. mainstream news articles from 8 online news sources as well as 5 daily newspapers ranked in the top ten of readership for dates between 2015 and 2024. We conducted six searches within each source including the keywords: Indigenous or Native American; Missing or Murdered; and Women, Girls, and Two-spirit people. The goal of reflexive thematic analysis is to develop themes that emerge with reflective engagement with data. From our dataset, we found that US news coverage of MMIWG2S from 2015 to 2024 showed a slow, uneven growth from 1 article in 2015, followed by 0 articles in 2016 to a peak of 26 articles in 2021 and dropping to 12 articles in 2024. Thematic analysis produced the following major journalistic themes characterizing the MMIWG2S movement as: (i) Social movement and crisis; (ii) Generational byproduct of colonization; (iii) Contemporary crisis and epidemic; and framing the victims as: (i) Socially and Politically Marginalized; (ii) Personally Troubled; and (iii) Legitimate Victims. Our study provided a nuanced understanding of news media coverage of the disproportionate violence faced by MMIWG2S. Several avenues for future research could be investigated including: investigating coverage in Tribal newspapers, comparative analysis of how political ideology affects coverage and how entertainment media represents this crisis.