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<p>Mycotoxin contamination in street-vended foods is a significant public health concern in Kenya. This study aimed to determine the levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins in street-vended foods (SVFs) and to conduct a deterministic dietary exposure assessment of these mycotoxins in Meru Town, Kenya. A total of 116 samples comprising 14 cereal-based foods (<i>githeri</i> (maize mixed with legumes), 18 porridge, 30 <i>chapati (</i>unleavened wheat flatbread), 24 roasted green maize, and 30 groundnuts were collected and analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins and fumonisins using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. About 92% and 72% of the street-vended food samples analyzed were contaminated with aflatoxin and fumonisins, respectively. Significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.0001) highest mean concentration of total aflatoxin was observed in groundnuts (281.0 ± 58.5&#xa0;µg/kg), while porridge recorded the lowest contamination level (27.3 ± 8.1&#xa0;µg/kg). Regarding total fumonisin, <i>githeri</i> showed significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0. 0053) highest mean concentration of 180.8 ± 30.0&#xa0;µg/kg. The Kenya Bureau of Standards regulatory limits for total aflatoxin was exceeded in 91.4% of the food samples. Furthermore, all samples exceeded the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommended daily aflatoxin intake threshold, even for weekly consumers. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins was observed in approximately 70% of all street-vended food samples. A significant (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) correlation between the two mycotoxins was also detected in cereal-based foods. Therefore, targeted monitoring and mitigation strategies should be implemented to reduce the risk of mycotoxin co-exposure in street-vended foods, safeguarding public health in Meru Town, Kenya.</p>

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Deterministic dietary exposure assessment to aflatoxin and fumonisin in street-vended foods in Meru Town, Kenya

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月23日

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  • Johnson Mwove,
  • Joy D. Orwa,
  • Joyce W. Njoki,
  • Francis Irungu,
  • Fredrick Gatobu

摘要

Mycotoxin contamination in street-vended foods is a significant public health concern in Kenya. This study aimed to determine the levels of aflatoxins and fumonisins in street-vended foods (SVFs) and to conduct a deterministic dietary exposure assessment of these mycotoxins in Meru Town, Kenya. A total of 116 samples comprising 14 cereal-based foods (githeri (maize mixed with legumes), 18 porridge, 30 chapati (unleavened wheat flatbread), 24 roasted green maize, and 30 groundnuts were collected and analyzed for the presence of aflatoxins and fumonisins using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. About 92% and 72% of the street-vended food samples analyzed were contaminated with aflatoxin and fumonisins, respectively. Significantly (P < 0.0001) highest mean concentration of total aflatoxin was observed in groundnuts (281.0 ± 58.5 µg/kg), while porridge recorded the lowest contamination level (27.3 ± 8.1 µg/kg). Regarding total fumonisin, githeri showed significantly (P < 0. 0053) highest mean concentration of 180.8 ± 30.0 µg/kg. The Kenya Bureau of Standards regulatory limits for total aflatoxin was exceeded in 91.4% of the food samples. Furthermore, all samples exceeded the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommended daily aflatoxin intake threshold, even for weekly consumers. Co-occurrence of aflatoxins and fumonisins was observed in approximately 70% of all street-vended food samples. A significant (p < 0.0001) correlation between the two mycotoxins was also detected in cereal-based foods. Therefore, targeted monitoring and mitigation strategies should be implemented to reduce the risk of mycotoxin co-exposure in street-vended foods, safeguarding public health in Meru Town, Kenya.