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<p>As part of the Surveillance/Monitoring Programme by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan, we investigated trichothecenes in 301 feed ingredient and 176 complete feed samples collected from across Japan between 2016 and 2022. Ten trichothecenes, including six type B trichothecenes—deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), nivalenol (NIV), and fusarenon-X—and four type A trichothecenes—T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol—were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Type B trichothecenes were frequently detected, whereas type A trichothecenes were less common. Maize contained the greatest diversity of trichothecenes, with higher concentrations of DON in samples from the United States and of NIV in samples from Brazil. Contamination in maize varied depending on its origin. As a primary component of complete feed, maize contributed to overall trichothecene contamination, as indicated by similar yearly variations in total (type A and B) trichothecene concentrations; positive correlations among DON, 15-AcDON, and D3G; and the same most frequent combination, DON + 15-AcDON + D3G + NIV detected in both matrices. Although DON concentrations in complete feed samples remained below the guidance values in Japan, multiple trichothecenes were frequently detected. These data provide a baseline for regulatory monitoring for both imported and domestically produced feeds in Japan. Furthermore, feed diversification, attributable to increased feed costs and climate variability necessitates continued monitoring of susceptible ingredients, as trichothecene occurrence and concentrations can vary by feed type, origin, and year.</p>

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Survey of trichothecene contamination in imported and domestically produced feed in Japan

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月16日

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  • Yohei Yamagami,
  • Masayo Nomura,
  • Koji Aoyama

摘要

As part of the Surveillance/Monitoring Programme by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries of Japan, we investigated trichothecenes in 301 feed ingredient and 176 complete feed samples collected from across Japan between 2016 and 2022. Ten trichothecenes, including six type B trichothecenes—deoxynivalenol (DON), 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-AcDON), deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G), nivalenol (NIV), and fusarenon-X—and four type A trichothecenes—T-2 toxin, HT-2 toxin, diacetoxyscirpenol, and neosolaniol—were quantified using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Type B trichothecenes were frequently detected, whereas type A trichothecenes were less common. Maize contained the greatest diversity of trichothecenes, with higher concentrations of DON in samples from the United States and of NIV in samples from Brazil. Contamination in maize varied depending on its origin. As a primary component of complete feed, maize contributed to overall trichothecene contamination, as indicated by similar yearly variations in total (type A and B) trichothecene concentrations; positive correlations among DON, 15-AcDON, and D3G; and the same most frequent combination, DON + 15-AcDON + D3G + NIV detected in both matrices. Although DON concentrations in complete feed samples remained below the guidance values in Japan, multiple trichothecenes were frequently detected. These data provide a baseline for regulatory monitoring for both imported and domestically produced feeds in Japan. Furthermore, feed diversification, attributable to increased feed costs and climate variability necessitates continued monitoring of susceptible ingredients, as trichothecene occurrence and concentrations can vary by feed type, origin, and year.