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<p>As one of the earliest diverging lineages of Hexapoda, Diplura holds significant importance for understanding the origin and evolution of hexapods. Among them, Projapygoidea, a critical transitional group, exhibits remarkably low diversity yet plays a pivotal role in deciphering the evolutionary trajectory of Diplura. However, its fossil record remains exceptionally scarce. In this study, we report the second projapygoid from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber and critically examine the validity of Octostigmatidae by comparing its diagnostic characters with those of its closely related family, Anajapygidae. The specimen displays a suite of diagnostic features, including a lacinia with a bifurcate apex, a prosternal apodeme reduced to its posterior branch (thus lacking the complete Y-shape), a <i>Campodea</i>-type male genital papilla, and unfused medial segments of the cerci, that collectively confirm its placement within Anajapygidae. Furthermore, the unique combination of characters observed in this specimen, such as antennae composed of up to 32 segments and well-developed oval maxillary palps, supports the erection of a new genus and species, <i>Eoanajapyx yinae</i> gen. et sp. nov. This study enriches the fossil record of Projapygoidea, providing critical insights into the morphological diversity and evolutionary adaptations of this group during the late Mesozoic.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A new projapygoid from mid-Cretaceous amber of northern Myanmar (Diplura: Projapygoidea)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Yehao Wang,
  • Alba Sánchez-García,
  • Alberto Sendra,
  • Diying Huang,
  • Chenyang Cai

摘要

As one of the earliest diverging lineages of Hexapoda, Diplura holds significant importance for understanding the origin and evolution of hexapods. Among them, Projapygoidea, a critical transitional group, exhibits remarkably low diversity yet plays a pivotal role in deciphering the evolutionary trajectory of Diplura. However, its fossil record remains exceptionally scarce. In this study, we report the second projapygoid from mid-Cretaceous Kachin amber and critically examine the validity of Octostigmatidae by comparing its diagnostic characters with those of its closely related family, Anajapygidae. The specimen displays a suite of diagnostic features, including a lacinia with a bifurcate apex, a prosternal apodeme reduced to its posterior branch (thus lacking the complete Y-shape), a Campodea-type male genital papilla, and unfused medial segments of the cerci, that collectively confirm its placement within Anajapygidae. Furthermore, the unique combination of characters observed in this specimen, such as antennae composed of up to 32 segments and well-developed oval maxillary palps, supports the erection of a new genus and species, Eoanajapyx yinae gen. et sp. nov. This study enriches the fossil record of Projapygoidea, providing critical insights into the morphological diversity and evolutionary adaptations of this group during the late Mesozoic.

Graphical abstract