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<p>Environmental conservation has become a critical concern due to the industrial revolution and the excessive use of synthetic materials, leading to the emergence of natural fiber-based composites as sustainable alternatives. Since natural fibers alone often fall short in mechanical performance, hybrid composites that combine natural and synthetic fibers have gained significant attention for their customizable properties. Hybrid composites reinforced with Innegra and hemp fibers in a synthetic epoxy matrix were fabricated and evaluated for their mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties under different stacking sequences, both before and after weathering. The novelty of this work lies in systematically correlating stacking sequence and environmental exposure with hybrid performance. Pure Innegra composites exhibited a tensile strength of 106&#xa0;MPa, decreasing to 97.87&#xa0;MPa after weathering, while hybrids with hemp and Innegra as core layers showed 70.6&#xa0;MPa before weathering. Flexural strength was highest in hybrids with Innegra as the skin layers, though overall flexural properties were similar. Thermomechanical analysis indicated greater structural stability in composites with hemp skin layers. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a significant drop in storage modulus (from 1131.34&#xa0;MPa) in pure hemp composites after weathering. Flexural modulus also declined post-weathering. Morphological analysis showed strong fiber-matrix adhesion. These findings suggest that the developed hybrid composites hold potential for architectural applications due to their balanced mechanical and environmental performance.</p>

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Lightweight Innegra–Hemp/Epoxy Hybrid Composites: Effects of Weathering on Mechanical, Thermal, and Viscoelastic Properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Krittirash Yorseng,
  • Rapeeporn Srisuk,
  • Vinod Ayyappan,
  • Arunkumar Thirugnanasamabandam,
  • Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa,
  • Suchart Siengchin

摘要

Environmental conservation has become a critical concern due to the industrial revolution and the excessive use of synthetic materials, leading to the emergence of natural fiber-based composites as sustainable alternatives. Since natural fibers alone often fall short in mechanical performance, hybrid composites that combine natural and synthetic fibers have gained significant attention for their customizable properties. Hybrid composites reinforced with Innegra and hemp fibers in a synthetic epoxy matrix were fabricated and evaluated for their mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic properties under different stacking sequences, both before and after weathering. The novelty of this work lies in systematically correlating stacking sequence and environmental exposure with hybrid performance. Pure Innegra composites exhibited a tensile strength of 106 MPa, decreasing to 97.87 MPa after weathering, while hybrids with hemp and Innegra as core layers showed 70.6 MPa before weathering. Flexural strength was highest in hybrids with Innegra as the skin layers, though overall flexural properties were similar. Thermomechanical analysis indicated greater structural stability in composites with hemp skin layers. Dynamic mechanical analysis revealed a significant drop in storage modulus (from 1131.34 MPa) in pure hemp composites after weathering. Flexural modulus also declined post-weathering. Morphological analysis showed strong fiber-matrix adhesion. These findings suggest that the developed hybrid composites hold potential for architectural applications due to their balanced mechanical and environmental performance.