Image Quality Analysis and Testing Process for Microlens Array-Based Optical Devices with High-Resolution Image Reconstruction

Microlens arrays (MLAs) based imaging devices can be used efficiently in small form factor cameras as alternatives to traditional optical components. However, MLAs face challenges such as position-dependent optical characteristics in individual microlenses, leading to varying resolutions, fields of view, and less detailed images. Resolving these optical aberrations and crosstalk, which can diminish image quality, necessitates a strategic trade-off in design and integration of each property. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between image quality and resolution of individual microlenses in this study. We conducted optical simulations and the subsequent experiments to analyze the properties of each element within the MLA. A stitched image was generated by combining multiple sub-images captured through the MLA, yielding a maximum resolution and modulation of 36 lp/mm and 36%, respectively. Besides, image fusion algorithms were utilized to enhance image quality through MLA by merging the spatial resolution at each pixel. Additionally, in instances where MLA captured only partial details of objects, image stitching algorithms were employed to synthesize the segmented fragments, thereby yielding a more detailed representation of the object. This study provides optimal design and testing procedures to pursue high-resolution images and a wide field of view, particularly in artificial compound eye cameras or integrated micro-displays using MLAs. It simultaneously indicates a better understanding of how MLAs influence modulation across different resolution areas as well as practical guidance for optimizing imaging performance in various applications.