Design and Characteristics Study of Longitudinal–Torsional Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers

A longitudinal–torsional composite vibration mode piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer for grinding and polishing of brittle materials was designed to address the low processing efficiency and accuracy of traditional grinding and polishing methods. Based on resonant design theory, theoretical analysis and structural design were carried out on the transducer. The rationality of the design was validated through simulation using the finite element software. In addition, the transducer performance test experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different pre-tightening torques and voltages on the transducer performance. The experimental results show that the vibration performance of the ultrasonic transducer was best when the pre-tightening torque was 70 Nm. The resonant frequency of the transducer was 21.695 kHz (test resonant frequency), and compared to the simulation results, the data error was 1.4%. Verified the correctness of theoretical design and finite element simulation analysis. Moreover, the pre-tightening torque and voltage have significant influences on the amplitude and resonant frequency of the transducer, and there is no obvious linear relationship between them. The designed transducer has good longitudinal and torsional vibration performance under reasonable pre-tightening torque and voltage, and can meet the amplitude requirements of ultrasonic processing.