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<p>This study investigates the effects of Al addition and solution treatment at 1180&#xa0;°C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-12Cr-5Ni-0.4&#xa0;C-6Mn -(0,4)Al economical stainless steel. In both experimental steels, a reticulated carbide network was initially present. After solution treatment, the carbides were completely dissolved and austenite grains were obviously coarser. However, the addition of Al refined the austenite grains and promoted the transformation from a fully austenitic microstructure to an austenite-ferrite duplex structure. Additionally, the ferrite fraction decreased after solution treatment. In Al-free steel, the primary deformation mechanism was identified as deformation-induced α’-martensitic transformation, which became partially suppressed after solution treatment. In contrast, Al addition increased the stacking fault energy (SFE), shifting the dominant deformation mechanism to mechanical twinning. The elongation of Al-added steel was significantly enhanced due to the increased formation of mechanical twins after 30&#xa0;min of solution treatment. Furthermore, in the as-forged condition, the presence of pre-existing carbides in Al-free steel resulted in lower Charpy impact absorbed energy, whereas Al-added steel exhibited even lower impact energy due to the presence of ferrite. Nevertheless, after solution treatment at 1180&#xa0;°C, the formation of α’-martensite in Al-free steel and mechanical twins in Al-added steel improved crack propagation resistance, thereby enhancing the toughness of both steels.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Study on the Deformation Behavior of Lightweight Stainless Steels: Role of Al and Solution Treatment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Qi Zhang,
  • Guanghui Chen,
  • Nuoteng Xu,
  • Guang Xu,
  • Xiangliang Wan,
  • Fuqiang Lv,
  • Guoqing Luan,
  • Junyu Tian

摘要

This study investigates the effects of Al addition and solution treatment at 1180 °C on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Fe-12Cr-5Ni-0.4 C-6Mn -(0,4)Al economical stainless steel. In both experimental steels, a reticulated carbide network was initially present. After solution treatment, the carbides were completely dissolved and austenite grains were obviously coarser. However, the addition of Al refined the austenite grains and promoted the transformation from a fully austenitic microstructure to an austenite-ferrite duplex structure. Additionally, the ferrite fraction decreased after solution treatment. In Al-free steel, the primary deformation mechanism was identified as deformation-induced α’-martensitic transformation, which became partially suppressed after solution treatment. In contrast, Al addition increased the stacking fault energy (SFE), shifting the dominant deformation mechanism to mechanical twinning. The elongation of Al-added steel was significantly enhanced due to the increased formation of mechanical twins after 30 min of solution treatment. Furthermore, in the as-forged condition, the presence of pre-existing carbides in Al-free steel resulted in lower Charpy impact absorbed energy, whereas Al-added steel exhibited even lower impact energy due to the presence of ferrite. Nevertheless, after solution treatment at 1180 °C, the formation of α’-martensite in Al-free steel and mechanical twins in Al-added steel improved crack propagation resistance, thereby enhancing the toughness of both steels.

Graphical Abstract