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<p>Additive manufacturing (AM) has become an effective tool to produce components due to the advantages of near-net-shaped part, geometrical flexibility and rapid production. This study investigates the damage and failure behaviors of 316&#xa0;L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with different build directions under various loading conditions. The uniaxial tensile, central hole, notched and shear experiments are performed on LPBF 316&#xa0;L stainless steel, and the damage and crack propagation are analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC) method. The microstructure and fracture characteristics are investigated to provide a more detailed comprehension of mechanical behavior. Significant anisotropy is observed at strength and elongation of LPBF stainless steel while its effect is quite small in shear test. The mode of fracture under tensile loading is dominated by excessive plastic deformation, the fracture strain decreases with increment of stress triaxiality. Building direction and defect have a strong impact on deformation and failure of LPBF 316&#xa0;L stainless steel. The tensile stress induces the opening and growth of lack of fusion (LoF) defects which could facilitate nucleation and propagation of microcracks.</p> Graphical Absract

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Study on the Anisotropic Deformation and Fracture Behaviors of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured 316 L Stainless Steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月5日

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  • Hao Zhang,
  • Shu Yuan,
  • Qinghui Wu,
  • Tianlong Fu,
  • Haipeng Song,
  • Ganyun Huang

摘要

Additive manufacturing (AM) has become an effective tool to produce components due to the advantages of near-net-shaped part, geometrical flexibility and rapid production. This study investigates the damage and failure behaviors of 316 L stainless steel manufactured by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) with different build directions under various loading conditions. The uniaxial tensile, central hole, notched and shear experiments are performed on LPBF 316 L stainless steel, and the damage and crack propagation are analyzed by digital image correlation (DIC) method. The microstructure and fracture characteristics are investigated to provide a more detailed comprehension of mechanical behavior. Significant anisotropy is observed at strength and elongation of LPBF stainless steel while its effect is quite small in shear test. The mode of fracture under tensile loading is dominated by excessive plastic deformation, the fracture strain decreases with increment of stress triaxiality. Building direction and defect have a strong impact on deformation and failure of LPBF 316 L stainless steel. The tensile stress induces the opening and growth of lack of fusion (LoF) defects which could facilitate nucleation and propagation of microcracks.

Graphical Absract