<p>Refractory High Entropy Alloys (RHEAs) represent a significant advancement in materials science, offering exceptional mechanical properties, high-temperature stability, and wear resistance. The present review works critically examine the fabrication and microstructural characterizations of Vacuum Arc Melted (VAM) RHEAs. The mechanical properties, wear resistance, and corrosion behaviour of VAM-RHEAs are explored with the aid of key strengthening mechanisms, including solid-solution strengthening, grain refinement, and precipitation hardening. VAM stands out as a preferred technique for the fabrication of RHEAs by ensuring compositional homogeneity and reducing contamination under controlled environments. Applications of VAM-processed RHEAs span diverse fields, including aerospace, biomedical implants, and nuclear reactors, underlining their potential in structural and high-performance scenarios. Despite these advancements, challenges endure in terms of room-temperature brittleness, compositional control, and high processing costs. This review underscores the transformative potential of RHEAs while paving the way for future innovation in high-temperature and wear-resistant material design.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>