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<p>Vaporization of alloying elements during laser welding adversely affects weld metal composition and properties. The high-temperature molten pool affect alloying element vaporization and weld metal composition change. In this study, the laser mirror welding technology is utilized to minimize heat input and decrease element evaporation within the weld, thereby reducing welding deformation. Numerical simulations and experimental validations were employed to reveal the intrinsic relationship between heat distribution and elemental evaporation in the weld zone. The theory of element evaporation and the temperature field are quantitatively researched. To obtain the temperature variation trends and establish the element burn-off models in various regions. The results show that laser mirror welding significantly reduces the evaporation of alloying elements compared to conventional laser welding. Within a 0.5&#xa0;mm × 0.5&#xa0;mm × 0.5&#xa0;mm representative volume, the maximum mass losses of aluminum, copper, and lithium were quantified as 1.34 × 10⁻³ g, 6.4 × 10⁻⁵ g, and 1.25 × 10⁻⁵ g, respectively, in the weld center above the joint, the evaporation mass of copper exhibited a negative value, suggesting that the inward diffusion of copper into this region exceeded its evaporation rate. Furthermore, at both the upper and lower extremities of the weld center, the evaporation rate of lithium was significantly reduced, reaching only 40% of its peak value. This innovative welding approach substantially reducing elemental loss in aluminum-lithium alloy joints, establishing a highly promising avenue for subsequent scientific exploration and industrial application.</p>

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Prediction of Element Vaporization Behavior in 2195 Aluminum-Lithium Alloy during Laser Mirror Welding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Qiang Cheng,
  • Leilei Wang,
  • Chao Ma,
  • Hengchang Bu,
  • Yanqiu Zhao,
  • Xiaohong Zhan

摘要

Vaporization of alloying elements during laser welding adversely affects weld metal composition and properties. The high-temperature molten pool affect alloying element vaporization and weld metal composition change. In this study, the laser mirror welding technology is utilized to minimize heat input and decrease element evaporation within the weld, thereby reducing welding deformation. Numerical simulations and experimental validations were employed to reveal the intrinsic relationship between heat distribution and elemental evaporation in the weld zone. The theory of element evaporation and the temperature field are quantitatively researched. To obtain the temperature variation trends and establish the element burn-off models in various regions. The results show that laser mirror welding significantly reduces the evaporation of alloying elements compared to conventional laser welding. Within a 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm × 0.5 mm representative volume, the maximum mass losses of aluminum, copper, and lithium were quantified as 1.34 × 10⁻³ g, 6.4 × 10⁻⁵ g, and 1.25 × 10⁻⁵ g, respectively, in the weld center above the joint, the evaporation mass of copper exhibited a negative value, suggesting that the inward diffusion of copper into this region exceeded its evaporation rate. Furthermore, at both the upper and lower extremities of the weld center, the evaporation rate of lithium was significantly reduced, reaching only 40% of its peak value. This innovative welding approach substantially reducing elemental loss in aluminum-lithium alloy joints, establishing a highly promising avenue for subsequent scientific exploration and industrial application.