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<p>Ultralow-carbon steel production is crucial for several applications in the steelmaking industry. Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) degassing is a prominent method for decarburization, achieved by blowing inert (Ar) gas into melt, inducing circulation between ladle and vacuum vessel. Although empirical models provide some insights, the complexity of RH operations necessitates advanced numerical modeling for various parameters influencing melt flow circulation and chemical reactions. This study proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate fluid flow and concentration behaviors with various operating parameters during RH operations. The numerical model incorporates melt circulation, plume shape, bubble expansion, and buoyancy forces to predict changes in carbon, oxygen, and aluminum concentrations throughout the process. Key elements include decarburization and deoxidation reactions and operating parameter effects including oxygen blowing (OB) and carbon addition in RH. The calculation model follows a procedure that significantly reduces calculation time while performing calculations including various parameters. Verification with plant data shows good agreement, demonstrating capabilities of predicting calculations. Accordingly, a difference of 0.57%p is recorded for carbon concentration. For calculations including OB and carbon addition, differences of 0.79%p and 0.35%p are recorded, respectively. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for future investigations and process optimization in RH steelmaking.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Numerical Modeling of Concentration Behaviors of Carbon, Oxygen, and Aluminum During Ruhrstahl–Heraeus Process

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月3日

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  • Tae Ung Youn,
  • Saeum Bae,
  • Kyung Woo Yi

摘要

Ultralow-carbon steel production is crucial for several applications in the steelmaking industry. Ruhrstahl–Heraeus (RH) degassing is a prominent method for decarburization, achieved by blowing inert (Ar) gas into melt, inducing circulation between ladle and vacuum vessel. Although empirical models provide some insights, the complexity of RH operations necessitates advanced numerical modeling for various parameters influencing melt flow circulation and chemical reactions. This study proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate fluid flow and concentration behaviors with various operating parameters during RH operations. The numerical model incorporates melt circulation, plume shape, bubble expansion, and buoyancy forces to predict changes in carbon, oxygen, and aluminum concentrations throughout the process. Key elements include decarburization and deoxidation reactions and operating parameter effects including oxygen blowing (OB) and carbon addition in RH. The calculation model follows a procedure that significantly reduces calculation time while performing calculations including various parameters. Verification with plant data shows good agreement, demonstrating capabilities of predicting calculations. Accordingly, a difference of 0.57%p is recorded for carbon concentration. For calculations including OB and carbon addition, differences of 0.79%p and 0.35%p are recorded, respectively. The findings of this study provide a valuable reference for future investigations and process optimization in RH steelmaking.

Graphical Abstract