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<p>A mass swarming of the late post-larval stage of <i>Loimia medusa</i> (Savigny, 1822) was observed in the coastal waters of Andhra Pradesh, India, in the Bay of Bengal, 58&#xa0;years after its initial observation in 1966. The present study investigates whether the unusual swarm appearance of the late post-larval stage of <i>Loimia medusa</i> in the surface waters is associated with any environmental disturbance. The data on satellite and in-situ observations evidenced the presence of a cold-core eddy with high kinetic energy off Srikakulam during the incident period. The cold-core eddy caused the retention of <i>Loimia medusa</i> late post-larvae within the eddy and hindered their settlement on the bottom substratum. The eddy environment maintained favourable conditions for larval development and survival in the surface waters. Concurrently, the zooplankton standing stock was remarkably higher in the swarm site, indicating the high productivity facilitated by the cold-core eddy. But phytoplankton standing stock did not exhibit a corresponding increase, which could be attributed to the intense grazing pressure by the dense zooplankton community. Overall, the study highlights the strong coupling between oceanographic processes and biological responses, suggesting that mesoscale cold-core eddies can significantly influence the development and survival of benthic polychaete planktotrophic larvae in tropical coastal ecosystems.</p>

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Role of mesoscale eddy on the occurrence of a rare polychaete swarm after five decades in Bay of Bengal waters, northern Indian Ocean

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月1日

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  • Aiswarya Gopal,
  • Manigandan V.,
  • Sathishkumar R. S.,
  • Logesh Natarajan,
  • Sanitha K. Sivadas,
  • Karri Ramu,
  • R. S. Kankara

摘要

A mass swarming of the late post-larval stage of Loimia medusa (Savigny, 1822) was observed in the coastal waters of Andhra Pradesh, India, in the Bay of Bengal, 58 years after its initial observation in 1966. The present study investigates whether the unusual swarm appearance of the late post-larval stage of Loimia medusa in the surface waters is associated with any environmental disturbance. The data on satellite and in-situ observations evidenced the presence of a cold-core eddy with high kinetic energy off Srikakulam during the incident period. The cold-core eddy caused the retention of Loimia medusa late post-larvae within the eddy and hindered their settlement on the bottom substratum. The eddy environment maintained favourable conditions for larval development and survival in the surface waters. Concurrently, the zooplankton standing stock was remarkably higher in the swarm site, indicating the high productivity facilitated by the cold-core eddy. But phytoplankton standing stock did not exhibit a corresponding increase, which could be attributed to the intense grazing pressure by the dense zooplankton community. Overall, the study highlights the strong coupling between oceanographic processes and biological responses, suggesting that mesoscale cold-core eddies can significantly influence the development and survival of benthic polychaete planktotrophic larvae in tropical coastal ecosystems.