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<p>Benthic ecosystems in the oceans around Japan are notable for their high levels of biodiversity, and many new species have been described from these waters. Among this diversity, several new taxa of the order Zoantharia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia) have been discovered in the last three decades, including the family Abyssoanthidae. Here, we report the discovery of a novel abyssoanthid from the outer slopes of an underwater volcanic seamount, formally describing <i>Vulcanthus odoroki</i> Reimer &amp; Kise gen. nov. et sp. nov., representing the second genus of the family. This new species can be distinguished from its confamilials by its combination of comparatively small size with comparatively low numbers of tentacles and mesenteries, by occasionally being stoloniferous and not exclusively unitary, by its zig-zagged white “ruffled” pattern following the outside edge of the oral disc, and by its unique placement as sister to <i>Abyssoanthus</i> within the zoantharian phylogeny. We also report the first mitogenome from the family Abyssoanthidae from this species. Based on this and other recent findings, we speculate members of the Abyssoanthidae may be far more common than are currently known. This finding reinforces the hypothesis that the deep sea yet harbors numerous undescribed zoantharians.</p>

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A new genus and species of the deep-sea zoantharian family Abyssoanthidae (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia) from the outer slope of a caldera on the Nikko Seamount, northwestern Pacific

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月9日

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  • James Davis Reimer,
  • Hiroki Kise,
  • Kenta C. F. Kondo,
  • Kiko Shimoji,
  • Shinji Tsuchida,
  • Yoshihiro Fujiwara

摘要

Benthic ecosystems in the oceans around Japan are notable for their high levels of biodiversity, and many new species have been described from these waters. Among this diversity, several new taxa of the order Zoantharia (Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia) have been discovered in the last three decades, including the family Abyssoanthidae. Here, we report the discovery of a novel abyssoanthid from the outer slopes of an underwater volcanic seamount, formally describing Vulcanthus odoroki Reimer & Kise gen. nov. et sp. nov., representing the second genus of the family. This new species can be distinguished from its confamilials by its combination of comparatively small size with comparatively low numbers of tentacles and mesenteries, by occasionally being stoloniferous and not exclusively unitary, by its zig-zagged white “ruffled” pattern following the outside edge of the oral disc, and by its unique placement as sister to Abyssoanthus within the zoantharian phylogeny. We also report the first mitogenome from the family Abyssoanthidae from this species. Based on this and other recent findings, we speculate members of the Abyssoanthidae may be far more common than are currently known. This finding reinforces the hypothesis that the deep sea yet harbors numerous undescribed zoantharians.