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<p>Pelagic amphipods play an important role in marine ecosystems, but our knowledge of their diversity and ecology in the central Arctic Ocean is still limited. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the amphipod fauna in the deep Arctic Ocean basins based on data collected over the past half-century (1975–2021) from Russian drifting expeditions NP-22 and NP-23, nine cruises by the icebreakers “Polarstern” and “Healy,” and one R/V “Akademik Ioffe” cruise. We analyzed species composition, vertical and horizontal distribution, and population size structure of amphipods using zooplankton samples collected from 122 locations in the Nansen, Amundsen, Makarov, and Canada basins. A total of 18 amphipod species were identified, some of which had not previously been recorded in the deep Arctic Ocean basins. The profiles of the vertical distribution of amphipod abundance followed the profiles of mesoplankton, with a peak in the uppermost water layer between the surface and 100&#xa0;m caused by swarms of <i>Themisto</i> species. At greater depths, <i>Cyclocaris guilelmi</i> played a more important role in terms of abundance. In the deepest water layers below 1000&#xa0;m, amphipod abundance decreased dramatically while species diversity increased. According to vertical distribution patterns of different size classes, <i>Themisto abyssorum</i>,<i>T.</i> <i>libellula</i>, and <i>Cyclocaris guilelmi</i> perform ontogenetic migrations in the Arctic Ocean basins. Five species of amphipods had eggs or juveniles in their marsupial sacs, indicating that they are Arctic residents capable of reproducing in the Arctic Ocean<b>.</b></p>

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Pelagic amphipods of the Arctic Ocean basins: species inventory and insights into distribution and ecology

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Daria Osipova,
  • Ksenia Kosobokova

摘要

Pelagic amphipods play an important role in marine ecosystems, but our knowledge of their diversity and ecology in the central Arctic Ocean is still limited. Our study provides a comprehensive overview of the amphipod fauna in the deep Arctic Ocean basins based on data collected over the past half-century (1975–2021) from Russian drifting expeditions NP-22 and NP-23, nine cruises by the icebreakers “Polarstern” and “Healy,” and one R/V “Akademik Ioffe” cruise. We analyzed species composition, vertical and horizontal distribution, and population size structure of amphipods using zooplankton samples collected from 122 locations in the Nansen, Amundsen, Makarov, and Canada basins. A total of 18 amphipod species were identified, some of which had not previously been recorded in the deep Arctic Ocean basins. The profiles of the vertical distribution of amphipod abundance followed the profiles of mesoplankton, with a peak in the uppermost water layer between the surface and 100 m caused by swarms of Themisto species. At greater depths, Cyclocaris guilelmi played a more important role in terms of abundance. In the deepest water layers below 1000 m, amphipod abundance decreased dramatically while species diversity increased. According to vertical distribution patterns of different size classes, Themisto abyssorum,T. libellula, and Cyclocaris guilelmi perform ontogenetic migrations in the Arctic Ocean basins. Five species of amphipods had eggs or juveniles in their marsupial sacs, indicating that they are Arctic residents capable of reproducing in the Arctic Ocean.