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<p>This study investigates the biodiversity and status of sharks in the Gulf of Hammamet (Tunisia), an ecologically significant marine area which is subject to intensive fishing pressure. Shark diversity, abundance, seasonal patterns, and fisheries impacts were assessed through systematic monitoring of fishery landings between 2020 and 2023. A total of 23 shark species belonging to 11 families were recorded, with over 60% classified as threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List, falling into the Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable categories. Analyses found that shark occurrence varied across fishing gears, with trawlers being the most impactful in terms of species (19 species). Bottom (17 species) and pelagic longlines (10 species) also contributed significantly to bycatch. Gillnets and trammel nets, while less impactful, still caught several vulnerable species. Seasonal variation in shark occurrence was noted, with higher landings observed in summer (21 species) and autumn (19 species). The analysis revealed a strong association between shark families and fishing gear types, with Carcharhinidae mainly associated with bottom longlines (70%), Lamnidae with pelagic longlines (73%), Squatinidae exclusively with gillnets (100%), and Dalatidae and Oxynotidae predominantly associated with trawlers (&gt; 97%). These patterns highlight selective bycatch risks and underscore the need for targeted conservation measures in the Gulf of Hammamet.</p>

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Diversity, occurrence and status of sharks in the Gulf of Hammamet (Central Mediterranean Sea)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月20日

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  • Ichrak Bouzidi,
  • Samira Enajjar,
  • Mohamed Nejmeddine Bradai,
  • Bechir Saidi

摘要

This study investigates the biodiversity and status of sharks in the Gulf of Hammamet (Tunisia), an ecologically significant marine area which is subject to intensive fishing pressure. Shark diversity, abundance, seasonal patterns, and fisheries impacts were assessed through systematic monitoring of fishery landings between 2020 and 2023. A total of 23 shark species belonging to 11 families were recorded, with over 60% classified as threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)’s Red List, falling into the Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable categories. Analyses found that shark occurrence varied across fishing gears, with trawlers being the most impactful in terms of species (19 species). Bottom (17 species) and pelagic longlines (10 species) also contributed significantly to bycatch. Gillnets and trammel nets, while less impactful, still caught several vulnerable species. Seasonal variation in shark occurrence was noted, with higher landings observed in summer (21 species) and autumn (19 species). The analysis revealed a strong association between shark families and fishing gear types, with Carcharhinidae mainly associated with bottom longlines (70%), Lamnidae with pelagic longlines (73%), Squatinidae exclusively with gillnets (100%), and Dalatidae and Oxynotidae predominantly associated with trawlers (> 97%). These patterns highlight selective bycatch risks and underscore the need for targeted conservation measures in the Gulf of Hammamet.