Not all chatbots connect equally: The moderating role of chatbot type
摘要
Consumers often find it frustrating to connect with chatbots in electronic markets. Since chatbots are not all alike, it is crucial to understand how to foster connectedness and elicit customer feedback on chatbot improvements. This study grounds a proposed conceptual model of connectedness and customer feedback on chatbot improvement on the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology and social response theory. It employs a scenario-based experimental design, utilizing data from consumers (n = 394 and n = 357 in the text-based and avatar-based chatbot conditions, respectively). Data analysis using structural equation modeling reveals novel findings. Consumer tech-savviness, social influence, chatbot empathy, and chatbot anthropomorphism build connectedness, thereby motivating customer feedback on chatbot improvements. Chatbot type moderates two effects. First, chatbot anthropomorphism has a stronger effect on connectedness for the text-based (vs. avatar-based) chatbot. Second, connectedness has a stronger effect on feedback for the avatar-based (vs. text-based) chatbot. Implications emerge for designing chatbots to foster connectedness and generate customer feedback on chatbot improvements to enhance customer experiences.