A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) study on the formation mechanism of Internet platform companies’ social responsibility risks

In the realm of the digital economy, platform-based Internet companies leverage characteristics such as “cross-side effects” and “emerging technologies” to gain a competitive edge. However, simultaneously, they encounter challenges linked to inadequate risk management and insufficient focus on social responsibility. However, the discussions surrounding these matters have primarily been confined to case studies, lacking a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms that give rise to social responsibility risks. This research addresses this gap by establishing a database of corporate social responsibility risks for Internet platform companies and employs a qualitative comparative analysis method to dissect these social responsibility risks. The study unveils that Internet platform companies can navigate low social responsibility risks through three distinct pathways: the “resource-experience combining type,” the “long-term shareholder-orientation type,” and the “novel innovative advantage type.” It delves into the questions of what Internet platform companies should do and how they should approach corporate social responsibility in varying contexts. Furthermore, it identifies novel strategies within the domain of platform organizations and the platform economy, thus expanding the conceptual framework of corporate social responsibility driving mechanisms. This research offers valuable guidance for government policy development directed at fostering the sustainable growth of Internet platforms. Additionally, it provides platform companies with insights into optimizing their approaches to manage social responsibility risks in alignment with their unique characteristics. Ultimately, it serves as a robust theoretical guide and practical illustration for addressing these pivotal issues.