<p>Forest fragmentation is a multi-dimensional ecological process that alters habitat structure, disrupts landscape connectivity and ecosystem functioning. The Shola forest–grassland mosaic is an ecologically significant montane ecosystem distributed across the sky islands of Western Ghats. Shola forest–grassland mosaics of the Western Ghats biodiversity hotspot are experiencing severe fragmentation and rapid grassland loss due to invasive species. However, their fine-scale spatial patterns, structural dynamics, and landscape connectivity remain understudied using advanced geospatial approaches. PlanetScope satellite imagery (2024) combined with a random forest algorithm was used to map the shola forest–grassland mosaic components. The total area of shola forest and shola grassland was estimated to be 1940 km² and 1597 km², respectively across the Western Ghats. A buffer around shola forests revealed human-modified ecosystems occupying about one-fourth of the edge area. The multiscale assessment of shola fragmentation revealed that the scale of analysis strongly influenced the extent of core and edge forest habitats. The proportion of the patchy class rises gradually with scale, increasing from 8 to 20.6%, signifying that fragmented patches become more detectable at broader spatial scales. Islets of shola forest are reported for 7.9% of the forest landscape. This integrated geospatial approach offers enhanced conservation insights into the shola forests and associated land cover, fragmentation, and connectivity.</p>