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<p>The role of aerosols in climate variability is complex, often leading to changes in cloud vertical structure and posing challenges for precipitation forecasting. This study examines aerosol interactions with mixed-phase clouds, where aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), within the temperature range of -20&#xa0;°C to -40&#xa0;°C, over Gadanki (13.5<sup>o</sup>N, 79.2<sup>o</sup>E), a tropical site in India, using nearly seven years of ground-based, balloon-borne, and satellite remote sensing observations. Lidar-derived aerosol and cloud optical depths (AOD and COD) are used as proxies for aerosol and cloud properties, and their interactions are analyzed through correlation analysis under constraints of ice and liquid water paths (IWP and LWP). The IWP derived from independent radiosonde observations shows moderate to strong correlations with ERA5 and MODIS datasets. COD–AOD correlations across IWP bins (0–25&#xa0;g/m²) are generally weak, whereas moderate to strong correlations are observed across LWP bins (0–0.4&#xa0;g/m²), with peaks at 60–90&#xa0;m and 90–120&#xa0;m above the cloud base. More pronounced negative COD–AOD correlations are found across IWP bins when low clouds are absent. The extent of significant correlations across IWP bins is highest during the monsoon season, while moderate to strong correlations are observed in the post-monsoon season. This seasonal pattern may reflect changes in the dominant air masses over the region, though further measurements are needed to clarify the underlying aerosol influences.</p>

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Aerosol–Cloud Interaction Observed in the Mixed-Phase Cloud Using Ground-Based, In-Situ, and Satellite Remote Sensing Observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月29日

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  • Trishna Bhattacharyya,
  • Renju Nandan,
  • M. Venkat Ratnam

摘要

The role of aerosols in climate variability is complex, often leading to changes in cloud vertical structure and posing challenges for precipitation forecasting. This study examines aerosol interactions with mixed-phase clouds, where aerosols act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN), within the temperature range of -20 °C to -40 °C, over Gadanki (13.5oN, 79.2oE), a tropical site in India, using nearly seven years of ground-based, balloon-borne, and satellite remote sensing observations. Lidar-derived aerosol and cloud optical depths (AOD and COD) are used as proxies for aerosol and cloud properties, and their interactions are analyzed through correlation analysis under constraints of ice and liquid water paths (IWP and LWP). The IWP derived from independent radiosonde observations shows moderate to strong correlations with ERA5 and MODIS datasets. COD–AOD correlations across IWP bins (0–25 g/m²) are generally weak, whereas moderate to strong correlations are observed across LWP bins (0–0.4 g/m²), with peaks at 60–90 m and 90–120 m above the cloud base. More pronounced negative COD–AOD correlations are found across IWP bins when low clouds are absent. The extent of significant correlations across IWP bins is highest during the monsoon season, while moderate to strong correlations are observed in the post-monsoon season. This seasonal pattern may reflect changes in the dominant air masses over the region, though further measurements are needed to clarify the underlying aerosol influences.