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<p>Groundwater serves as a critical resource in the Wainganga basin (~ 51, 384 km<sup>2</sup>) in Central India, where uncontrolled abstraction and rapid population growth have led to declining groundwater levels. This study presents the urgent need for a refined and validated assessment of groundwater potential zones to support sustainable water resource management. The objective is to delineate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) and estimate groundwater reserves using an integrated approach combination of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. Nine thematic layers such as geology, geomorphology, land use and land cover, soil, drainage density, lineament density, slope, rainfall and topographic wetness index were selected as controlling factors. Each parameter and subclass were assigned weights and ranks based on hydrogeological significance derived through the AHP method. The resulting GWPZ map is categorised into five categories: very poor (8.28%), poor (21.63%), moderate (30.21%), good (28.21%), and very good (11.67%) groundwater potential zones. Spatially, higher groundwater potential is observed in the southern part of the basin corresponding to alluvial plains and low-slope regions. Validation against the well-specific yields has shown a strong correlation (<i>R</i> = 0.93), supporting the model’s reliability. Notably, greater groundwater level fluctuations are observed in the zones classified good and very good, further confirming the model’s accuracy. Importantly, this study substantially has refined the regional groundwater prospect map previously developed by the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad, which had delineated only 1.36% of the basin area as possessing very good groundwater potential. Our study has updated more accurate to 11.67% incorporating the field-supported refinement. Additionally, dynamic and monsoon groundwater reserves across 141 monitoring wells are estimated, with averaged 3.79 mSC (, and 3.89 m<sup>3</sup>, respectively. At the basin scale, over a 10-year period, the average annual reserves are 4551.87 MCM for DGWR and 4655.80 MCM for MGWR. This study reveals the need for continuous groundwater monitoring, conjunctive use planning, and adoption of region-specific recharge interventions to ensure long-term groundwater sustainability.</p>

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Groundwater Potential Zones and Resource Estimation: A Case Study in Wainganga Basin, Central India Using AHP and Geospatial Techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Akshay R. Kharve,
  • Nepal C. Mondal,
  • Iswar C. Das,
  • Venkatarao Ajaykumar

摘要

Groundwater serves as a critical resource in the Wainganga basin (~ 51, 384 km2) in Central India, where uncontrolled abstraction and rapid population growth have led to declining groundwater levels. This study presents the urgent need for a refined and validated assessment of groundwater potential zones to support sustainable water resource management. The objective is to delineate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) and estimate groundwater reserves using an integrated approach combination of Remote Sensing (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS), Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), and Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. Nine thematic layers such as geology, geomorphology, land use and land cover, soil, drainage density, lineament density, slope, rainfall and topographic wetness index were selected as controlling factors. Each parameter and subclass were assigned weights and ranks based on hydrogeological significance derived through the AHP method. The resulting GWPZ map is categorised into five categories: very poor (8.28%), poor (21.63%), moderate (30.21%), good (28.21%), and very good (11.67%) groundwater potential zones. Spatially, higher groundwater potential is observed in the southern part of the basin corresponding to alluvial plains and low-slope regions. Validation against the well-specific yields has shown a strong correlation (R = 0.93), supporting the model’s reliability. Notably, greater groundwater level fluctuations are observed in the zones classified good and very good, further confirming the model’s accuracy. Importantly, this study substantially has refined the regional groundwater prospect map previously developed by the National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Hyderabad, which had delineated only 1.36% of the basin area as possessing very good groundwater potential. Our study has updated more accurate to 11.67% incorporating the field-supported refinement. Additionally, dynamic and monsoon groundwater reserves across 141 monitoring wells are estimated, with averaged 3.79 mSC (, and 3.89 m3, respectively. At the basin scale, over a 10-year period, the average annual reserves are 4551.87 MCM for DGWR and 4655.80 MCM for MGWR. This study reveals the need for continuous groundwater monitoring, conjunctive use planning, and adoption of region-specific recharge interventions to ensure long-term groundwater sustainability.