<p>This study reports the contemporary glacier fluctuations in the Chandra basin, Lahaul Himalaya between 1989 and 2022. The study mapped the temporal changes in the glacier areas based on the medium-resolution historical datasets, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), Operational Land Imager (OLI)/ Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM). The study covered a total of 218 glaciers. Based on the relative comparison of the temporal glacier changes, it is measured that the overall extent of glaciated area had decreased from 672.87 ± 18.47 km<sup>2</sup> in 1989 to 643.82 ± 17.31 km<sup>2</sup> in 2022, by vacating an area of 29.05 ± 25.31 km<sup>2</sup> (4.32%) in 33 years. The analysis of the glacier fluctuations suggests that the decadal rate of glacier loss is continuously increasing as the glaciers retreated 4.88 km<sup>2</sup> (0.73%) area between 1989 and 2000, 8.19 km<sup>2</sup> (1.22%) between 2000 and 2011, and 15.89 km<sup>2</sup> (2.36%) areas between 2011 and 2022. The annual retreating rate is 0.13% during the observed period. This loss of glacier area has caused fragmentation, resulting in an increase in the total number of glaciers from 211 in 1989 to 218 in 2022. Similarly, the number of pro-glacial lakes also increased from 5 in 1989 to 12 in 2022. However, the observed rates of annual glacier retreat in the study area are significantly less than previously documented.</p>

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Mapping Temporal Changes of Contemporary Glaciers in the Chandra Basin, Lahaul Himalaya Between 1989 and 2022

  • Ganga Sagar Bhagat,
  • Rakesh Saini

摘要

This study reports the contemporary glacier fluctuations in the Chandra basin, Lahaul Himalaya between 1989 and 2022. The study mapped the temporal changes in the glacier areas based on the medium-resolution historical datasets, including Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM), Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM), Operational Land Imager (OLI)/ Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS) images and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) digital elevation model (DEM). The study covered a total of 218 glaciers. Based on the relative comparison of the temporal glacier changes, it is measured that the overall extent of glaciated area had decreased from 672.87 ± 18.47 km2 in 1989 to 643.82 ± 17.31 km2 in 2022, by vacating an area of 29.05 ± 25.31 km2 (4.32%) in 33 years. The analysis of the glacier fluctuations suggests that the decadal rate of glacier loss is continuously increasing as the glaciers retreated 4.88 km2 (0.73%) area between 1989 and 2000, 8.19 km2 (1.22%) between 2000 and 2011, and 15.89 km2 (2.36%) areas between 2011 and 2022. The annual retreating rate is 0.13% during the observed period. This loss of glacier area has caused fragmentation, resulting in an increase in the total number of glaciers from 211 in 1989 to 218 in 2022. Similarly, the number of pro-glacial lakes also increased from 5 in 1989 to 12 in 2022. However, the observed rates of annual glacier retreat in the study area are significantly less than previously documented.