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<p>Floods are one of the other natural disasters that cause extensive socio-economic damage and loss of life across the world. The Arpa River basin in Chhattisgarh, India, is susceptible to flooding during the monsoon season due to its geomorphological and hydrological characteristics. This study used Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, particularly the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to assess flood risk areas in the basin. The study analyzed 14 influential parameters, such as elevation, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover (LULC), rainfall, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), population density, soil type, and proximity to rivers, wetlands, roads, railways, and water-retaining structures and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), to generate a comprehensive flood risk map. In this study, the data have been obtained from various data sources such as USGS Earth Explorer, FAO Soil Portal, and OpenStreetMap and processed in ArcGIS 10.8 software to generate thematic maps, while the entire AHP procedure has been carried out in SuperDecisions software with weights specified, which are obtained through pairwise comparisons. Further, consistency in decision-making was also ensured and finally, these layers were delineated into flood risk zones by integrating the weighted overlay method. The results show that about 60% of the basin falls in the high to very high flood risk categories located in low-lying areas densely populated areas and agricultural lands along the rivers. The findings highlight the significant influences of topography, rainfall, and land use on flood susceptibility. Low flood risk areas cover 3.3% of the basin and such areas are located in elevated areas with well-drained soils and sparse settlements. This study underlines the importance of flood risk assessment using GIS-based MCDM approaches that can provide critical insights for disaster preparedness and mitigation planning. This flood risk map can be used by policymakers as a decision-support tool to reduce vulnerability and enhance community resilience.</p>

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GIS-Based Multi-criteria Flood Risk Assessment Using AHP in the Arpa River Basin, Chhattisgarh

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月13日

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  • Rahul Kumar Patel,
  • Prasoon Soni,
  • Pushpraj Singh

摘要

Floods are one of the other natural disasters that cause extensive socio-economic damage and loss of life across the world. The Arpa River basin in Chhattisgarh, India, is susceptible to flooding during the monsoon season due to its geomorphological and hydrological characteristics. This study used Geographic Information System (GIS) and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) techniques, particularly the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), to assess flood risk areas in the basin. The study analyzed 14 influential parameters, such as elevation, slope, drainage density, land use/land cover (LULC), rainfall, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), population density, soil type, and proximity to rivers, wetlands, roads, railways, and water-retaining structures and Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), to generate a comprehensive flood risk map. In this study, the data have been obtained from various data sources such as USGS Earth Explorer, FAO Soil Portal, and OpenStreetMap and processed in ArcGIS 10.8 software to generate thematic maps, while the entire AHP procedure has been carried out in SuperDecisions software with weights specified, which are obtained through pairwise comparisons. Further, consistency in decision-making was also ensured and finally, these layers were delineated into flood risk zones by integrating the weighted overlay method. The results show that about 60% of the basin falls in the high to very high flood risk categories located in low-lying areas densely populated areas and agricultural lands along the rivers. The findings highlight the significant influences of topography, rainfall, and land use on flood susceptibility. Low flood risk areas cover 3.3% of the basin and such areas are located in elevated areas with well-drained soils and sparse settlements. This study underlines the importance of flood risk assessment using GIS-based MCDM approaches that can provide critical insights for disaster preparedness and mitigation planning. This flood risk map can be used by policymakers as a decision-support tool to reduce vulnerability and enhance community resilience.