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<p>Groundwater is a vital resource, hidden beneath the Earth's surface. It plays a crucial role in meeting diverse human and environmental needs, including drinking, agricultural and industrial water supply. Identifying and mapping groundwater potential zones is essential for implementing appropriate groundwater recharge and extraction structures. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR) and Shannon Entropy (SE) methods to demarcate potential groundwater zones in the Baitarani River Basin of Odisha. Ten key hydrogeological factors influencing groundwater availability were analyzed, and weightage were assigned to each factor using AHP, FR and SE methods. After assignment of weights, each factor was unified with the help of the weighted overlay technique in ArcGIS to compute the Groundwater Potential Index (GWPI) and classified into three categories like good, moderate and poor potential zones. Validation of the results was conducted using pre- and post-monsoon water table data and dynamic groundwater level information from well points. The AHP method showed the highest prediction accuracy at 73.2%, followed by the FR method at 66.1% and the SE method at 60.7%. The results revealed that the most reliable approach among the three methods is the AHP method, and it is very effective for large scale groundwater mapping. Based on AHP results, 28.97% (4188.68&#xa0;sq. km) of the basin is under good potential zones, 58.29% (8430.34&#xa0;sq. km) is under moderate zones, and 12.74% (1842.28&#xa0;sq. km) falls under poor potential zones. To ensure sustainable groundwater development, regions with good potential should focus on efficient utilization and conservation, while moderate zones may require regulated extraction and artificial recharge measures. Poor potential zones demand urgent attention through artificial recharge techniques and improved land management practices. The developed groundwater potential maps will help policy makers to undertake appropriate measures in the basin so that overall groundwater development in the basin becomes sustainable.</p>

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Delineation of Groundwater Potential Zones in the Baitarani River Basin, India: A Comparative Analysis Using AHP, Frequency Ratio and Shannon Entropy Methods

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Alanji Mahanthesh,
  • Jagadish Chandra Paul,
  • Dwarika Mohan Das,
  • Sanjay Kumar Raul,
  • Dikshya Nayak

摘要

Groundwater is a vital resource, hidden beneath the Earth's surface. It plays a crucial role in meeting diverse human and environmental needs, including drinking, agricultural and industrial water supply. Identifying and mapping groundwater potential zones is essential for implementing appropriate groundwater recharge and extraction structures. This study evaluates and compares the effectiveness of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Frequency Ratio (FR) and Shannon Entropy (SE) methods to demarcate potential groundwater zones in the Baitarani River Basin of Odisha. Ten key hydrogeological factors influencing groundwater availability were analyzed, and weightage were assigned to each factor using AHP, FR and SE methods. After assignment of weights, each factor was unified with the help of the weighted overlay technique in ArcGIS to compute the Groundwater Potential Index (GWPI) and classified into three categories like good, moderate and poor potential zones. Validation of the results was conducted using pre- and post-monsoon water table data and dynamic groundwater level information from well points. The AHP method showed the highest prediction accuracy at 73.2%, followed by the FR method at 66.1% and the SE method at 60.7%. The results revealed that the most reliable approach among the three methods is the AHP method, and it is very effective for large scale groundwater mapping. Based on AHP results, 28.97% (4188.68 sq. km) of the basin is under good potential zones, 58.29% (8430.34 sq. km) is under moderate zones, and 12.74% (1842.28 sq. km) falls under poor potential zones. To ensure sustainable groundwater development, regions with good potential should focus on efficient utilization and conservation, while moderate zones may require regulated extraction and artificial recharge measures. Poor potential zones demand urgent attention through artificial recharge techniques and improved land management practices. The developed groundwater potential maps will help policy makers to undertake appropriate measures in the basin so that overall groundwater development in the basin becomes sustainable.