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<p>The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) height plays a crucial role in climatology and air pollution research, particularly in urban environments. This study compares the ABL height estimated using SODAR (Sound Detection And Ranging) against ERA5 over the national capital region (Delhi). The ABL height is important for constraining air pollution dispersion and improving meteorological models. In the present study the ABL height data from SODAR, collected from March 2019 to February 2020, is compared with ERA5 to evaluate their consistency and reliability. The results provide insights into the seasonal and diurnal variation of ABL height, contributing to a better understanding of ABL dynamics in urban region. The methodology involves synchronized data pre-processing, statistical analyses, and trend evaluations of diurnal and seasonal variations. Results indicated a moderate correlation (<i>R</i> ≈ 0.68) between ERA5 and SODAR estimates, with ERA5 generally underestimating ABL height, particularly during peak convective periods. Also, the results revealed a moderate bias, with ERA5 slightly overestimating ABL height compared to SODAR measurements, particularly during pre-monsoon months. The overall Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values ranged between 99.26 and 1423.78&#xa0;m, while Mean Bias Error (MBE) fluctuated seasonally from − 776.24&#xa0;m to + 1067.98&#xa0;m. The highest temporal and diurnal average height in both ERA5 and SODAR data occurs in May (Pre-Monsoon Season), while the lowest average height occurs in December month (Winter Season). These findings indicate seasonal dependency and highlight the potential limitations of reanalysis products in capturing urban boundary layer dynamics with high fidelity. Discrepancies between SODAR and ERA5-derived ABL height measurements can arise due to multiple factors, including differences in spatial resolution, model parameterization schemes, Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects, and the impact of local meteorological conditions. To improve the reliability of reanalysis datasets in intricate urban areas, this work highlights the significance of ground-based comparison and offers possible bias correction strategies.</p>

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Intercomparison and Validation of SODAR and ERA5 Measured Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Over Delhi

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Nishant Kumar,
  • Anjali S. Nair,
  • Avni Tiwari,
  • Kirti Soni,
  • V. K. Soni,
  • Anikender Kumar,
  • Arvind Jha,
  • Dharmendra Gupta

摘要

The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) height plays a crucial role in climatology and air pollution research, particularly in urban environments. This study compares the ABL height estimated using SODAR (Sound Detection And Ranging) against ERA5 over the national capital region (Delhi). The ABL height is important for constraining air pollution dispersion and improving meteorological models. In the present study the ABL height data from SODAR, collected from March 2019 to February 2020, is compared with ERA5 to evaluate their consistency and reliability. The results provide insights into the seasonal and diurnal variation of ABL height, contributing to a better understanding of ABL dynamics in urban region. The methodology involves synchronized data pre-processing, statistical analyses, and trend evaluations of diurnal and seasonal variations. Results indicated a moderate correlation (R ≈ 0.68) between ERA5 and SODAR estimates, with ERA5 generally underestimating ABL height, particularly during peak convective periods. Also, the results revealed a moderate bias, with ERA5 slightly overestimating ABL height compared to SODAR measurements, particularly during pre-monsoon months. The overall Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values ranged between 99.26 and 1423.78 m, while Mean Bias Error (MBE) fluctuated seasonally from − 776.24 m to + 1067.98 m. The highest temporal and diurnal average height in both ERA5 and SODAR data occurs in May (Pre-Monsoon Season), while the lowest average height occurs in December month (Winter Season). These findings indicate seasonal dependency and highlight the potential limitations of reanalysis products in capturing urban boundary layer dynamics with high fidelity. Discrepancies between SODAR and ERA5-derived ABL height measurements can arise due to multiple factors, including differences in spatial resolution, model parameterization schemes, Urban Heat Island (UHI) effects, and the impact of local meteorological conditions. To improve the reliability of reanalysis datasets in intricate urban areas, this work highlights the significance of ground-based comparison and offers possible bias correction strategies.