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<p>This study investigates the atmospheric impacts of the Baghjan oil well blowout in Assam, Northeast India, which occurred on 27 May 2020 and triggered a sustained fire from 9 June, lasting over five months. The incident caused significant air quality deterioration, disrupted atmospheric composition, and affected ecosystem stability. This is the first comprehensive study that combines satellite observations during the period from May 2020 to December 2020 with high-resolution WRF-Chem simulations to evaluate the atmospheric and ecological impacts of the Baghjan blowout. The analysis utilized MODIS, TROPOMI, ERA5, and IMDAA datasets, along with the WRF-Chem model (version 4.0), configured with a 30&#xa0;km parent and 10&#xa0;km nested domain and 33 vertical levels to simulate chemical species. This integrative approach allowed simulation of pollutant dispersion, chemical transformation, and ecosystem response. IMDAA data showed rainfall variability, with monsoon rains briefly reducing pollutants, while ERA5 wind fields revealed dominant westward and south westward dispersion. MODIS Fire Radiative Power peaked on 9 June 2020, indicating intense fire activity. NDVI and EVI values declined significantly (NDVI ~ 0.25; EVI dropped 25–30%), reflecting vegetation loss. TROPOMI data recorded increased methane levels (~ 2000 ppbv). WRF-Chem simulations captured vertical transport and episodic peaks of CH<sub>4</sub>, PAN, ozone, and formaldehyde, suggesting active photochemistry. The presence of PAN, propylene, and propane further degraded air quality, posing health risks. Modeled near-surface methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) concentrations peaked at 1.854&#xa0;ppm, while peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) reached 0.920&#xa0;ppm during the simulation period. On 9 June 2020, both the model simulation and TROPOMI CH<sub>4</sub> observations exhibited comparable surface methane concentrations, ranging approximately from 1.8 to 2.0 ppmv. The study highlights severe impacts on air quality, vegetation, and greenhouse gas emissions. It underscores the need for improved environmental monitoring, disaster preparedness, and policy intervention in environmentally sensitive regions.</p>

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Atmospheric Impacts of Oil Well Blowouts: A Synergistic Assessment Using Satellite Remote Sensing and WRF-Chem Modeling

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月31日

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  • Jhuma Biswas,
  • Bijit Kumar Banerjee,
  • Chandrakala Bharali,
  • Barlin Das,
  • Binita Pathak,
  • Pradip Kumar Bhuyan

摘要

This study investigates the atmospheric impacts of the Baghjan oil well blowout in Assam, Northeast India, which occurred on 27 May 2020 and triggered a sustained fire from 9 June, lasting over five months. The incident caused significant air quality deterioration, disrupted atmospheric composition, and affected ecosystem stability. This is the first comprehensive study that combines satellite observations during the period from May 2020 to December 2020 with high-resolution WRF-Chem simulations to evaluate the atmospheric and ecological impacts of the Baghjan blowout. The analysis utilized MODIS, TROPOMI, ERA5, and IMDAA datasets, along with the WRF-Chem model (version 4.0), configured with a 30 km parent and 10 km nested domain and 33 vertical levels to simulate chemical species. This integrative approach allowed simulation of pollutant dispersion, chemical transformation, and ecosystem response. IMDAA data showed rainfall variability, with monsoon rains briefly reducing pollutants, while ERA5 wind fields revealed dominant westward and south westward dispersion. MODIS Fire Radiative Power peaked on 9 June 2020, indicating intense fire activity. NDVI and EVI values declined significantly (NDVI ~ 0.25; EVI dropped 25–30%), reflecting vegetation loss. TROPOMI data recorded increased methane levels (~ 2000 ppbv). WRF-Chem simulations captured vertical transport and episodic peaks of CH4, PAN, ozone, and formaldehyde, suggesting active photochemistry. The presence of PAN, propylene, and propane further degraded air quality, posing health risks. Modeled near-surface methane (CH4) concentrations peaked at 1.854 ppm, while peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) reached 0.920 ppm during the simulation period. On 9 June 2020, both the model simulation and TROPOMI CH4 observations exhibited comparable surface methane concentrations, ranging approximately from 1.8 to 2.0 ppmv. The study highlights severe impacts on air quality, vegetation, and greenhouse gas emissions. It underscores the need for improved environmental monitoring, disaster preparedness, and policy intervention in environmentally sensitive regions.