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<p>Monitoring algal blooms is vital for managing coastal and marine ecosystems. Optical sensors, traditionally used for this purpose, lack the resolution to capture sub-mesoscale features and are ineffective under cloudy conditions. In contrast, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers high-resolution, all-weather, and day-night capabilities, making it suitable for detecting ocean features like algal blooms. This study demonstrates the potential use of EOS-04 C-band SAR data in mapping and monitoring algal blooms in the Arabian Sea, supported by two case studies and corroborated with optical data from EOS-06 OCM-3 and Sentinel-3 OLCI. In the first case study (09 Feb 2023), SAR data revealed parallel interconnected shear eddies with elliptical and cyclonic nature, with a diameter ranging from 1.93 to 27.97&#xa0;km. Corresponding high Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in OCM-3 and OLCI data validated these as algal blooms, further supported by a&#xa0;close agreement with in-situ Bio-Argo measurements. The mechanism of imaging these features in SAR is the algal accumulation associated with eddy motion in convergence zones. The second case study (18 Feb 2024) identified spiral eddies in SAR data, matched in size and position with OLCI Chl-a data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of combined SAR and optical datasets showed PC1 explaining 75% of the&#xa0;variance, highlighting the synergy between SAR and optical data in understanding sub-mesoscale features. This study highlights the synergetic integration of SAR, optical, and in-situ data for improved algal bloom detection and analysis, showcasing the capability of EOS-04 C-Band SAR in effectively identifying algal bloom patterns.</p>

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Unravelling Algal Bloom Signatures: Synergetic Use of EOS-04 C-Band SAR, OCM3, OLCI and In Situ Observations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月10日

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  • Swapna Mulukutla,
  • Rajesh Sikhakolli,
  • Devi Vara Prasad Thumu,
  • Suhail Mohammed,
  • Nagamani Pullaiahgari Venkata,
  • Srinivasa Rao Goru,
  • Rajashree Vinod Bothale,
  • Prakash Chauhan

摘要

Monitoring algal blooms is vital for managing coastal and marine ecosystems. Optical sensors, traditionally used for this purpose, lack the resolution to capture sub-mesoscale features and are ineffective under cloudy conditions. In contrast, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offers high-resolution, all-weather, and day-night capabilities, making it suitable for detecting ocean features like algal blooms. This study demonstrates the potential use of EOS-04 C-band SAR data in mapping and monitoring algal blooms in the Arabian Sea, supported by two case studies and corroborated with optical data from EOS-06 OCM-3 and Sentinel-3 OLCI. In the first case study (09 Feb 2023), SAR data revealed parallel interconnected shear eddies with elliptical and cyclonic nature, with a diameter ranging from 1.93 to 27.97 km. Corresponding high Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in OCM-3 and OLCI data validated these as algal blooms, further supported by a close agreement with in-situ Bio-Argo measurements. The mechanism of imaging these features in SAR is the algal accumulation associated with eddy motion in convergence zones. The second case study (18 Feb 2024) identified spiral eddies in SAR data, matched in size and position with OLCI Chl-a data. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of combined SAR and optical datasets showed PC1 explaining 75% of the variance, highlighting the synergy between SAR and optical data in understanding sub-mesoscale features. This study highlights the synergetic integration of SAR, optical, and in-situ data for improved algal bloom detection and analysis, showcasing the capability of EOS-04 C-Band SAR in effectively identifying algal bloom patterns.