National-Scale Crop Phenology Monitoring in India Using High-Temporal EOS-06 Data
摘要
Remote sensing technologies, particularly the use of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), have become invaluable tools in monitoring and analysing crop phenology. In this study, NDVI based crop phenology metrics across the 2023–24 agricultural year, encompassing the kharif, rabi, and summer seasons were derived using Ocean Colour Monitor (OCM) on board EOS06 satellite, which offers high temporal resolution, covering the entire India every 2–3 days. Key phenological metrics, the Start of Season (SOS), End of Season (EOS), Length of Growing Season (LGS), and Peak of Season Vegetation Index (PSVI) were analysed to understand crop growth conditions across different regions and seasons. During the 2023–24 Kharif season, significant spatial and temporal variability was observed due to the timing of the monsoon onset. States like Karnataka, Maharashtra and Sikkim experienced an early SOS, while delayed SOS was observed in Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, etc. The PST varied, with delayed peaks in Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, West Bengal, and the north-eastern states, while distributed peaks were observed throughout the season in Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Rajasthan. PSVI indicated healthy crop conditions in the north-eastern states, Kerala, Goa, J&K, and parts of Punjab. The Rabi and summer seasons showed similarly diverse patterns, with varying SOS, PST, and TIVI values reflecting the distinct climatic influences and growing conditions across India. This comprehensive analysis provides critical insights into the region-specific agricultural dynamics, supporting improved yield prediction and resource management.