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<p>Punjab, a state of India, has contributed a significant portion of crop residues that are intensively burned in rice harvesting crops. The aim of this study is to examine how crop residue burning in Punjab possibly impacts air (aerosol) quality in Delhi in the year 2020 when COVID-19 dominated. In this study we use datasets from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to evaluate burning activity in Punjab, from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) to assess the vertical distribution of smoke aerosol. The smoke height over Punjab is confirmed by CALIPSO smoke heights and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory backward trajectories during the burning period. Then forward trajectories starting from Punjab-hotspots are analyzed to identify which area of Punjab emitted the most pollutants to New Delhi. About 15 days with extremely dense crop-residue burning are detected in Punjab leading to a significant increase in aerosol optical depth during the late burning period. During this period, smoke aerosols concentrate densely at 2&#xa0;km but can be up to 5&#xa0;km. The results reveal that smoke released and lifted to heights ranging from 1000 to 2500&#xa0;m has a higher proportion (~ 21%) of the total fire cases in Punjab that reach Delhi (below mixing layer depth) than other heights. This is the cause of the enhancement of the particulate matter pollution in Delhi during post-monsoon season. The forward trajectories indicate that central, west, south and south-east of Punjab including Barnala, Moga, Firozepur, south Patiala, south Sangrur, south Jalandhar, central Mansa, and south-east Mansa, have the highest quantities of Delhi-affecting trajectories with the maximum probability of 23% during the late burning period. The results help identify which burning hotspot areas of Punjab adversely affect Delhi’s air quality. This information is crucial for decision-makers in managing and controlling burning activity.</p>

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Identification of Punjab’s Agricultural Burning Regions Affecting Delhi’s Air Quality

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月22日

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  • Huong Thuy Nguyen,
  • An Duy Dam

摘要

Punjab, a state of India, has contributed a significant portion of crop residues that are intensively burned in rice harvesting crops. The aim of this study is to examine how crop residue burning in Punjab possibly impacts air (aerosol) quality in Delhi in the year 2020 when COVID-19 dominated. In this study we use datasets from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to evaluate burning activity in Punjab, from Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) to assess the vertical distribution of smoke aerosol. The smoke height over Punjab is confirmed by CALIPSO smoke heights and Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory backward trajectories during the burning period. Then forward trajectories starting from Punjab-hotspots are analyzed to identify which area of Punjab emitted the most pollutants to New Delhi. About 15 days with extremely dense crop-residue burning are detected in Punjab leading to a significant increase in aerosol optical depth during the late burning period. During this period, smoke aerosols concentrate densely at 2 km but can be up to 5 km. The results reveal that smoke released and lifted to heights ranging from 1000 to 2500 m has a higher proportion (~ 21%) of the total fire cases in Punjab that reach Delhi (below mixing layer depth) than other heights. This is the cause of the enhancement of the particulate matter pollution in Delhi during post-monsoon season. The forward trajectories indicate that central, west, south and south-east of Punjab including Barnala, Moga, Firozepur, south Patiala, south Sangrur, south Jalandhar, central Mansa, and south-east Mansa, have the highest quantities of Delhi-affecting trajectories with the maximum probability of 23% during the late burning period. The results help identify which burning hotspot areas of Punjab adversely affect Delhi’s air quality. This information is crucial for decision-makers in managing and controlling burning activity.