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<p>This study investigates the historical extent and dynamics of glaciers in the Tons sub-basin, a key glacier-fed region located in the western part of the Indian Himalayas. The Tons sub-basin is crucial for regional water supply, feeding major tributaries of the Yamuna River. Using Landsat 7, 8, and 9 satellite imagery from three distinct periods 2002–2003, 2012–2013, and 2022–2023 we applied a laminar flow model to quantify changes in glacier morphology and dynamics over two decades. Our analysis reveals a significant reduction in glacial area by 17.5%, perimeter by 20.2%, and volume by 18.9%. Glacial thickness has diminished by a factor of 0.9 during this period, with the most substantial retreat observed between 2002–2003 and 2022–2023. The volume loss is estimated at 1.34 cubic kilometers. These changes indicate a marked acceleration in glacier retreat, likely driven by increasing regional temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. The implications of these findings are significant, as the retreat of glaciers in the Tons sub-basin threatens water availability in downstream communities, alters seasonal hydrology, and increases the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Our study provides critical insights into the ongoing impacts of climate change on Himalayan glaciers, which are vital for informing water resource management and climate adaptation strategies in the region.</p>

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Chronicles of Glacier Changes of Two Decades in Tons Sub-Basin, West-Central Himalaya, Using Geospatial Techniques

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月6日

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  • Dhanush S,
  • Geetha Priya M

摘要

This study investigates the historical extent and dynamics of glaciers in the Tons sub-basin, a key glacier-fed region located in the western part of the Indian Himalayas. The Tons sub-basin is crucial for regional water supply, feeding major tributaries of the Yamuna River. Using Landsat 7, 8, and 9 satellite imagery from three distinct periods 2002–2003, 2012–2013, and 2022–2023 we applied a laminar flow model to quantify changes in glacier morphology and dynamics over two decades. Our analysis reveals a significant reduction in glacial area by 17.5%, perimeter by 20.2%, and volume by 18.9%. Glacial thickness has diminished by a factor of 0.9 during this period, with the most substantial retreat observed between 2002–2003 and 2022–2023. The volume loss is estimated at 1.34 cubic kilometers. These changes indicate a marked acceleration in glacier retreat, likely driven by increasing regional temperatures and changing precipitation patterns. The implications of these findings are significant, as the retreat of glaciers in the Tons sub-basin threatens water availability in downstream communities, alters seasonal hydrology, and increases the risk of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Our study provides critical insights into the ongoing impacts of climate change on Himalayan glaciers, which are vital for informing water resource management and climate adaptation strategies in the region.