Morphometric Analysis of Barren Island Volcano Using Remote Sensing and Field Studies: Insights into Volcanic Processes and Caldera Formation

Barren island volcano (BIV), located in the Andaman Sea, stands as a unique geological phenomenon characterized by its dynamic volcanic activity and complex morphtectonic features. In the current study, we employed advanced remote sensing techniques and detailed field surveys to elucidate the structural complexities and eruptive history of BIV. Analysis of DEM and bathymetric surveys reveals the presence of two distinct caldera formations-an older, outer caldera and a more recent, inner caldera-shaped by significant eruptive events and rapid subsidence along ring faults. The central polygenetic cone, marked by strombolian eruptions, emerges as the focal point of recent volcanic activity, surrounded by secondary cones and spatter cones indicative of ongoing magmatic processes and shallow magma chambers. Structural analysis further highlights the dynamic nature lava flow pathways, particularly the breaching of caldera walls towards the West and Northwest, influenced by pyroclastic loading and tectonic stresses from nearby faults. Integrating the satellite data and bathymetric data along with field expedition, our study maps both subaerial and submarine features of BIV, revealing submerged parasitic cones and the ruggedness of its volcanic flanks. Overall, our findings underscore the intricate interplay between magmatic processes, tectonic settings, and eruptive history in shaping the evolution of BIV. Continued monitoring and advanced remote sensing applications are imperative for predicting future volcanic behavior and mitigating potential hazards associated with BIV.