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<p>This study examines the extensive use of fire as an anthropogenic factor in the management of woody resources during the pre-Hispanic period in the lower Paraná River basin (Argentina), focusing on anthracological analyses from the Los Tres Cerros 1 site (Entre Ríos, Argentina). Charred wood fragment analyses were integrated with geochemical data, and archaeological expectations were framed using South American ethno-proxies. Archaeobotanical evidence identified 19 plant taxa, with a marked predominance of <i>Nectandra angustifolia</i> (laurel de río) and <i>Salix humboldtiana</i> (sauce criollo) throughout the stratigraphic sequence. This pattern points to a deliberate rather than random selection of woody resources. These woods were central to domestic activities at the settlement, including food and ceramic preparation, as well as providing light and heat. Certain stratigraphic levels revealed particularly high taxonomic diversity, extensive burned surfaces, and traces of in situ burning, indicating recurrent episodes of thermo-alteration across habitation areas. Complementary geochemical analyses showed elevated phosphorus and organic matter, consistent with intentional soil enrichment for cultivation, especially of maize and squash, whose microremains were preserved at the site. Taken together, ethnographic expectations and archaeological results suggest that the inhabitants of Los Tres Cerros 1 managed fire as a multifunctional tool —not only for domestic practices and cleanliness, but also for consolidating habitation surfaces and enriching the substrate—thereby shaping a deeply anthropogenic landscape.</p>

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Pre-Hispanic fire management and anthropogenic landscape modification in the South American lowlands: new anthracological studies at Los Tres Cerros 1 archaeological site (Paraná Delta, Argentina)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Marco A. Loperfido,
  • Carola Castiñeira Latorre,
  • Mariana Brea,
  • Mariano Bonomo,
  • Gustavo Politis

摘要

This study examines the extensive use of fire as an anthropogenic factor in the management of woody resources during the pre-Hispanic period in the lower Paraná River basin (Argentina), focusing on anthracological analyses from the Los Tres Cerros 1 site (Entre Ríos, Argentina). Charred wood fragment analyses were integrated with geochemical data, and archaeological expectations were framed using South American ethno-proxies. Archaeobotanical evidence identified 19 plant taxa, with a marked predominance of Nectandra angustifolia (laurel de río) and Salix humboldtiana (sauce criollo) throughout the stratigraphic sequence. This pattern points to a deliberate rather than random selection of woody resources. These woods were central to domestic activities at the settlement, including food and ceramic preparation, as well as providing light and heat. Certain stratigraphic levels revealed particularly high taxonomic diversity, extensive burned surfaces, and traces of in situ burning, indicating recurrent episodes of thermo-alteration across habitation areas. Complementary geochemical analyses showed elevated phosphorus and organic matter, consistent with intentional soil enrichment for cultivation, especially of maize and squash, whose microremains were preserved at the site. Taken together, ethnographic expectations and archaeological results suggest that the inhabitants of Los Tres Cerros 1 managed fire as a multifunctional tool —not only for domestic practices and cleanliness, but also for consolidating habitation surfaces and enriching the substrate—thereby shaping a deeply anthropogenic landscape.