<p>This study applies an environmental archaeology approach to reconstruct subsistence practices and palaeoenvironmental conditions at the Late Neolithic settlement of Izvor in western Bulgaria, located at the eastern margin of the Vinča cultural sphere. Archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological analyses were conducted on flotation samples collected from pits, buildings and ceramic deposits excavated in 2021. Although the recovered archaeobotanical assemblage is limited, it provides evidence for the use of cereals and pulses, including emmer wheat, barley and common lentil, consistent with plant exploitation patterns documented at other Vinča settlements. The faunal assemblage is dominated by domestic cattle, accompanied by smaller proportions of caprines and pigs. However, despite the overall low representation of wild taxa, red deer remains are more numerous than those of pigs and caprines, which may be linked to the exploitation of deer antler and bone tool production. A group of spherical inorganic particles recovered through flotation was analysed using SEM–EDX and shows compositional similarities to ironworking hammerscales. Given the absence of iron metallurgy in the Late Neolithic and the geomorphological and taphonomic characteristics of the site, these objects are interpreted as intrusive materials introduced into the archaeological deposits through post-depositional processes. Despite evidence of disturbance, the combined environmental proxies provide new insights into subsistence strategies and environmental adaptation at the eastern periphery of the Vinča cultural area.</p>