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<p>This work presents a study of color technology in the mural paintings of Buildings 40 and 41 of the Building of the Columns at El Tajín, a major Epiclassic center on the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Eighty-four mural painting fragments corresponding to several substructures and exhibiting two pictorial phases (ca. 730–1050 CE) were analyzed using a non-invasive, multi-analytical protocol that integrates Digital Microscopy, False Color Infrared Imaging (FCIR), Colorimetry, FORS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRF, and SEM–EDS. The resulting dataset documents raw-material selection, pigment-preparation pathways, and pictorial application strategies. Red and pink hues were produced with iron-rich earths dominated by hematite. Cinnabar occurs exclusively in orange hues, whereas yellow pigments derive from iron hydroxides. Blue–green hues were obtained through mixtures of indigo and palygorskite consistent with Maya Blue technology, while green hues correspond to Maya Green formed through the addition of yellow iron oxide minerals. Taken together, these findings highlight the distinctive character of color technology at El Tajín, while also situating it within broader Mesoamerican mural-painting traditions.</p>

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Crafting color at El Tajín: Technological study of mural pigments of the Building of the Columns

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Carlos López-Puértolas,
  • Arturo Pascual-Soto,
  • José Luis Ruvalcaba-Sil

摘要

This work presents a study of color technology in the mural paintings of Buildings 40 and 41 of the Building of the Columns at El Tajín, a major Epiclassic center on the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Eighty-four mural painting fragments corresponding to several substructures and exhibiting two pictorial phases (ca. 730–1050 CE) were analyzed using a non-invasive, multi-analytical protocol that integrates Digital Microscopy, False Color Infrared Imaging (FCIR), Colorimetry, FORS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRF, and SEM–EDS. The resulting dataset documents raw-material selection, pigment-preparation pathways, and pictorial application strategies. Red and pink hues were produced with iron-rich earths dominated by hematite. Cinnabar occurs exclusively in orange hues, whereas yellow pigments derive from iron hydroxides. Blue–green hues were obtained through mixtures of indigo and palygorskite consistent with Maya Blue technology, while green hues correspond to Maya Green formed through the addition of yellow iron oxide minerals. Taken together, these findings highlight the distinctive character of color technology at El Tajín, while also situating it within broader Mesoamerican mural-painting traditions.