<p>The present study focused on two types of Tang royal artefacts — the bodily adornments of Princess Li Chui and eight reliquaries from Famen Temple — to provide a deeper understanding of Tang-period granulation. Morphological analysis, metallographic examination, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive system were carried out on granulated samples from these objects to investigate granule size and distribution, composition, microstructure, and methods of granule production and bonding, thereby clarifying the characteristic features of Tang-period granulation. The decorative granule styles in both types of items were commonly found on Tang-period granulated objects, yet they represented an innovative form within the broader tradition of ancient granulation. Vein gold without further purification, refined gold, and artificially alloyed gold alloy were intentionally used to produce granules. Multiple methods were employed in granule production, in some cases even in a single ornament. Brazing and autogenous welding were used for bonding, with the former applied to smaller granules. The diversity of techniques suggested that multiple artisans from the central government workshop may have contributed to the manufacture of the eight reliquaries. These findings indicated that granulation had reached a high level of technical and artistic sophistication during the Tang dynasty. Furthermore, the study discussed the status of granulation in this period. Overall, the present study may enhance understanding of ancient granulation, as well as the production and organisation of the Tang central government workshop.</p>

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Granulation on royal adornments and reliquaries of the Tang dynasty (618–907 CE): unveiling the source, usage, and fabrication of gold

  • Panpan Tan,
  • Jianxi Li,
  • Xiaolong Wei,
  • Junchang Yang

摘要

The present study focused on two types of Tang royal artefacts — the bodily adornments of Princess Li Chui and eight reliquaries from Famen Temple — to provide a deeper understanding of Tang-period granulation. Morphological analysis, metallographic examination, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive system were carried out on granulated samples from these objects to investigate granule size and distribution, composition, microstructure, and methods of granule production and bonding, thereby clarifying the characteristic features of Tang-period granulation. The decorative granule styles in both types of items were commonly found on Tang-period granulated objects, yet they represented an innovative form within the broader tradition of ancient granulation. Vein gold without further purification, refined gold, and artificially alloyed gold alloy were intentionally used to produce granules. Multiple methods were employed in granule production, in some cases even in a single ornament. Brazing and autogenous welding were used for bonding, with the former applied to smaller granules. The diversity of techniques suggested that multiple artisans from the central government workshop may have contributed to the manufacture of the eight reliquaries. These findings indicated that granulation had reached a high level of technical and artistic sophistication during the Tang dynasty. Furthermore, the study discussed the status of granulation in this period. Overall, the present study may enhance understanding of ancient granulation, as well as the production and organisation of the Tang central government workshop.