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Background <p>Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common condition in childhood that can adversely affect children’s physical and psychological health. Since the publication of the “Expert Consensus on the Management of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Children”&#xa0;in 2014, substantial clinical experience has been accumulated and international guidelines have been updated, necessitating a revision to standardize and improve clinical management.</p> Methods <p>This consensus was developed by the Chinese Cooperative Group for the Management of Pediatric Nocturnal Enuresis, the Pediatric Nephrology Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association using the Delphi method. A core writing group of nine experts drafted statements based on a synthesis of current evidence. These were subjected to iterative voting by 42 multidisciplinary panelists to achieve consensus, defined as ≥ 90% agreement.</p> Results <p>The consensus provides 18 key recommendations. It updates the diagnostic criteria for children aged ≥ 5&#xa0;years with at least one involuntary void per month for three months. It emphasizes classification into monosymptomatic (MNE) or nonmonosymptomatic (NMNE) NE based on daytime lower urinary tract symptoms. Recommendations cover comprehensive evaluation (history, physical exam, voiding diary), basic management (education, lifestyle), and first-line treatment (desmopressin for nocturnal polyuria, alarm therapy for reduced bladder capacity). Strategies for treatment-resistant cases, management of NMNE (prioritizing daytime symptoms), and the role of primary care and traditional Chinese medicine are outlined.</p> Conclusions <p>This expert consensus provides an updated, evidence-based, and practical framework for the diagnosis and management of childhood NE. It aims to harmonize clinical practice, promote individualized care, and improve patient outcomes through standardized recommendations.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Expert consensus on the management of nocturnal enuresis in children

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Qian Shen,
  • Hong Xu,
  • Bing An,
  • Ying Bao,
  • Chao-Ying Chen,
  • Xi-Qiang Dang,
  • Mei-Li Fan,
  • Rui Fu,
  • Li Fu,
  • Wei-Hua Gan,
  • Xia Gao,
  • Xiao-Jie Gao,
  • Fang-Qi Hu,
  • Peng Hu,
  • Xiao-Yun Jiang,
  • Yu-Lin Kang,
  • Guo-Min Li,
  • Xiao-Zhong Li,
  • Li-Jun Liang,
  • Yi Lin,
  • Ya-Lan Liu,
  • Cui-Hua Liu,
  • Xiao-Mei Liu,
  • Yu-Ling Liu,
  • Xue-Yun Lv,
  • Jun Ma,
  • Jian-Hua Mao,
  • Li Miao,
  • Qian-Fan Miao,
  • Xiao-Jing Nie,
  • Zan-Hua Rong,
  • Xiao-Shan Shao,
  • Qian Shen,
  • Tong Shen,
  • Qing Sun,
  • Shu-Zhen Sun,
  • Yu-Hong Tao,
  • De-Xuan Wang,
  • Fei-Yan Wang,
  • Mo Wang,
  • Xiao-Wen Wang,
  • Wen-Hong Wang,
  • Fu-Jie Wen,
  • Yu-Bin Wu,
  • Fu-Jie Wen,
  • Jian-Wen Wu,
  • Zheng-Kun Xia,
  • Hong Xu,
  • Yong Yao,
  • Zhu-Wen Yi,
  • Zhao-Qing Yin,
  • Li Yu,
  • Lei Yu,
  • Dong-Feng Zhang,
  • Jian-Jiang Zhang,
  • Fei Zhao,
  • Li-Ping Zhao,
  • Li-Jun Zhao,
  • Bo Zhao,
  • Ping Zhou,
  • Wei-Ran Zhou,
  • Jian-Hua Zhou,
  • Da-Qian Zhu,
  • Ying Zhu

摘要

Background

Nocturnal enuresis (NE) is a common condition in childhood that can adversely affect children’s physical and psychological health. Since the publication of the “Expert Consensus on the Management of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis in Chinese Children” in 2014, substantial clinical experience has been accumulated and international guidelines have been updated, necessitating a revision to standardize and improve clinical management.

Methods

This consensus was developed by the Chinese Cooperative Group for the Management of Pediatric Nocturnal Enuresis, the Pediatric Nephrology Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association using the Delphi method. A core writing group of nine experts drafted statements based on a synthesis of current evidence. These were subjected to iterative voting by 42 multidisciplinary panelists to achieve consensus, defined as ≥ 90% agreement.

Results

The consensus provides 18 key recommendations. It updates the diagnostic criteria for children aged ≥ 5 years with at least one involuntary void per month for three months. It emphasizes classification into monosymptomatic (MNE) or nonmonosymptomatic (NMNE) NE based on daytime lower urinary tract symptoms. Recommendations cover comprehensive evaluation (history, physical exam, voiding diary), basic management (education, lifestyle), and first-line treatment (desmopressin for nocturnal polyuria, alarm therapy for reduced bladder capacity). Strategies for treatment-resistant cases, management of NMNE (prioritizing daytime symptoms), and the role of primary care and traditional Chinese medicine are outlined.

Conclusions

This expert consensus provides an updated, evidence-based, and practical framework for the diagnosis and management of childhood NE. It aims to harmonize clinical practice, promote individualized care, and improve patient outcomes through standardized recommendations.

Graphical abstract