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<p>Reservoir sedimentation poses a critical threat to water resource sustainability, particularly in erosion-prone regions such as the <i>Shivalik</i> foothills of Punjab. The main aim of this study was to quantitatively assess long-term reservoir sedimentation, live storage loss, and sediment yield in Damsal Dam, Hoshiarpur, using an integrated satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8)-based and Geographic Information System (GIS)-supported approach validated with bathymetric survey measurements. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 datasets were analysed to enable cross-validation of results and enhance the reliability of sedimentation and storage loss estimates. The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) was applied to delineate water spread areas from multi-temporal imagery (1990–2026), and elevation-area-capacity curves were generated to estimate live storage capacity. The results revealed a substantial reduction in reservoir capacity due to long-term sedimentation. At the maximum elevation of 412.0&#xa0;m, live storage capacity declined from the designed 315.0&#xa0;ha-m to 251.9&#xa0;ha-m (bathymetric survey), 227.4&#xa0;ha-m (Sentinel-2), and 209.0&#xa0;ha-m (Landsat-8). Over 36 years, this corresponds to live storage losses of 27.2% and 33.1%, with annual depletion rates of 0.76% and 0.92% as estimated from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data, respectively, with the slight variation primarily attributed to differences in spatial resolution, revisit frequency, and sensor characteristics between the two satellite datasets. Sediment yield from the catchment was significantly higher during the post-monsoon season, increasing from 12.03 to 15.04 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (Sentinel-2) and 14.57 to 18.21 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (Landsat-8). Water quality analysis showed that all parameters (pH, EC, TDS, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻) were within permissible limits for irrigation, while catchment soil exhibited moderate fertility with improved post-monsoon water-holding capacity. Overall, the study confirms the effectiveness of integrated satellite and bathymetric approaches for quantifying reservoir sedimentation and supports their application for sediment management and sustainable water resource planning in small earthen dams of the <i>Kandi</i> region.</p>

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Multi-satellite remote sensing, GIS, and bathymetric survey-based assessment of reservoir sedimentation in Damsal Dam, Punjab, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月7日

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  • Mahesh Chand Singh,
  • Jaswinder Singh,
  • Sukhdeep Kumar

摘要

Reservoir sedimentation poses a critical threat to water resource sustainability, particularly in erosion-prone regions such as the Shivalik foothills of Punjab. The main aim of this study was to quantitatively assess long-term reservoir sedimentation, live storage loss, and sediment yield in Damsal Dam, Hoshiarpur, using an integrated satellite (Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8)-based and Geographic Information System (GIS)-supported approach validated with bathymetric survey measurements. Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 datasets were analysed to enable cross-validation of results and enhance the reliability of sedimentation and storage loss estimates. The Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) was applied to delineate water spread areas from multi-temporal imagery (1990–2026), and elevation-area-capacity curves were generated to estimate live storage capacity. The results revealed a substantial reduction in reservoir capacity due to long-term sedimentation. At the maximum elevation of 412.0 m, live storage capacity declined from the designed 315.0 ha-m to 251.9 ha-m (bathymetric survey), 227.4 ha-m (Sentinel-2), and 209.0 ha-m (Landsat-8). Over 36 years, this corresponds to live storage losses of 27.2% and 33.1%, with annual depletion rates of 0.76% and 0.92% as estimated from Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 data, respectively, with the slight variation primarily attributed to differences in spatial resolution, revisit frequency, and sensor characteristics between the two satellite datasets. Sediment yield from the catchment was significantly higher during the post-monsoon season, increasing from 12.03 to 15.04 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (Sentinel-2) and 14.57 to 18.21 Mg ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹ (Landsat-8). Water quality analysis showed that all parameters (pH, EC, TDS, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Cl⁻, HCO₃⁻) were within permissible limits for irrigation, while catchment soil exhibited moderate fertility with improved post-monsoon water-holding capacity. Overall, the study confirms the effectiveness of integrated satellite and bathymetric approaches for quantifying reservoir sedimentation and supports their application for sediment management and sustainable water resource planning in small earthen dams of the Kandi region.