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<p>We propose a GIS–Fuzzy SWARA framework to identify suitable sites for vertical farms in Menemen (İzmir, Türkiye, 694&#xa0;km²). Using seven spatial criteria at 30&#xa0;m resolution, we compared equal weighting with expert-derived fuzzy weights. Water proximity dominated expert judgments (w = 0.30), increasing the share of “high suitability” areas from 2.44% under equal weights to 8.21% with fuzzy weighting. Natural sunlight was incorporated not as a crop growth factor but as a proxy for rooftop photovoltaic (PV) potential, while accessibility criteria captured links to markets and transport networks. Expert judgments showed variability, and hydrological proximity was represented through rivers and canals as the most reliable local sources. These findings demonstrate that fuzzy MCDM methods better reflect expert reasoning than simple averages, leading to more realistic suitability outcomes. The proposed GIS–Fuzzy SWARA framework provides a transparent and reproducible decision-support tool that can guide planners and policymakers in integrating vertical farming into urban strategies. While outputs represent suitability potentials rather than validated outcomes, the framework highlights the central role of water availability and energy potential in supporting resilient urban food production.</p>

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Identifying optimal sites for vertical farms: a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Büşra Yılmaz,
  • Murat Oturakçı,
  • Uğur Eliiyi,
  • Deniz Türsel Eliiyi

摘要

We propose a GIS–Fuzzy SWARA framework to identify suitable sites for vertical farms in Menemen (İzmir, Türkiye, 694 km²). Using seven spatial criteria at 30 m resolution, we compared equal weighting with expert-derived fuzzy weights. Water proximity dominated expert judgments (w = 0.30), increasing the share of “high suitability” areas from 2.44% under equal weights to 8.21% with fuzzy weighting. Natural sunlight was incorporated not as a crop growth factor but as a proxy for rooftop photovoltaic (PV) potential, while accessibility criteria captured links to markets and transport networks. Expert judgments showed variability, and hydrological proximity was represented through rivers and canals as the most reliable local sources. These findings demonstrate that fuzzy MCDM methods better reflect expert reasoning than simple averages, leading to more realistic suitability outcomes. The proposed GIS–Fuzzy SWARA framework provides a transparent and reproducible decision-support tool that can guide planners and policymakers in integrating vertical farming into urban strategies. While outputs represent suitability potentials rather than validated outcomes, the framework highlights the central role of water availability and energy potential in supporting resilient urban food production.