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<p>Environmental flows are vital for maintaining riverine ecosystems in regulated, monsoon-driven basins such as the Narmada. This study estimated environmental flows at the Mortakka reach using three hydrological approaches—Annual Distribution Method, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Method, and Dynamic Method—applied to discharge data from 2001 to 2024. The Annual Distribution Method preserved seasonal variability, generating high monsoon e-flows exceeding 1,500–2,500&#xa0;m³/s and low dry-season values below 100&#xa0;m³/s. The FDC Method effectively identified critical low-flow thresholds, while the Dynamic Method (30% of monthly mean flow) frequently produced ecologically inadequate estimates during February–April. Comparative evaluation showed that combining Annual Distribution and FDC approaches provides more reliable and context-sensitive e-flow recommendations for regulated Indian rivers, supporting operational water management under strong seasonal and inter-annual variability.</p>

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Advancing sustainable environmental flow management for the Narmada River

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月11日

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  • Rewa Bochare,
  • Vikas Patel,
  • Rajkumar Patel

摘要

Environmental flows are vital for maintaining riverine ecosystems in regulated, monsoon-driven basins such as the Narmada. This study estimated environmental flows at the Mortakka reach using three hydrological approaches—Annual Distribution Method, Flow Duration Curve (FDC) Method, and Dynamic Method—applied to discharge data from 2001 to 2024. The Annual Distribution Method preserved seasonal variability, generating high monsoon e-flows exceeding 1,500–2,500 m³/s and low dry-season values below 100 m³/s. The FDC Method effectively identified critical low-flow thresholds, while the Dynamic Method (30% of monthly mean flow) frequently produced ecologically inadequate estimates during February–April. Comparative evaluation showed that combining Annual Distribution and FDC approaches provides more reliable and context-sensitive e-flow recommendations for regulated Indian rivers, supporting operational water management under strong seasonal and inter-annual variability.