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<p>Lithological mapping and the identification of hydrothermal alteration zones are critical for mineral exploration in the Neoproterozoic basement of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. This study presents an integrated approach utilizing Landsat-9 and ASTER data to map the Wadi Rusas area in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt. The advanced radiometric capabilities of these satellite datasets were exploited to enhance the spectral discrimination of basement rock units. Image processing techniques, including Optimum Index Factor (OIF), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Band Ratios (BR), were applied to delineate lithological boundaries and alteration zones. To ensure robust validation, a supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) was conducted, supported by field observations and petrographic studies. The resulting geological map achieved an Overall Accuracy of 87.7% and a Kappa Coefficient of 0.84. While felsic units showed high precision, minor spectral confusion between younger gabbros and basic metavolcanics was attributed to their comparable mafic mineral assemblages, as confirmed by detailed thin-section examination. Structural analysis based on automatic lineament extraction using the LINE module revealed that hydrothermal alteration is strongly controlled by a dominant NE–SW structural trend, which acts as a primary conduit for mineralizing fluids. This integrated, cost-efficient methodology provides a reliable framework for geological mapping and mineral exploration in similar crystalline terrains.</p>

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Mapping lithology and hydrothermal alteration using remote sensing and field methods: a case study from Wadi Rusas, Egypt

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Khaled Zaghlol,
  • Mohamed Ramzey,
  • Mahmoud A. Mohamed

摘要

Lithological mapping and the identification of hydrothermal alteration zones are critical for mineral exploration in the Neoproterozoic basement of the Arabian-Nubian Shield. This study presents an integrated approach utilizing Landsat-9 and ASTER data to map the Wadi Rusas area in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt. The advanced radiometric capabilities of these satellite datasets were exploited to enhance the spectral discrimination of basement rock units. Image processing techniques, including Optimum Index Factor (OIF), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Band Ratios (BR), were applied to delineate lithological boundaries and alteration zones. To ensure robust validation, a supervised classification using the Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) was conducted, supported by field observations and petrographic studies. The resulting geological map achieved an Overall Accuracy of 87.7% and a Kappa Coefficient of 0.84. While felsic units showed high precision, minor spectral confusion between younger gabbros and basic metavolcanics was attributed to their comparable mafic mineral assemblages, as confirmed by detailed thin-section examination. Structural analysis based on automatic lineament extraction using the LINE module revealed that hydrothermal alteration is strongly controlled by a dominant NE–SW structural trend, which acts as a primary conduit for mineralizing fluids. This integrated, cost-efficient methodology provides a reliable framework for geological mapping and mineral exploration in similar crystalline terrains.