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<p>Groundwater resources face increasing stress due to climate change and rapid urban growth in semi-arid regions. The current study used an integrated approach involving the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Remote Sensing (RS) to delineate groundwater potential zones in Tangshan City. Seven important thematic layers were derived from the geospatial database. These layers were assigned weights based on expert knowledge and normalized them using AHP techniques to generate GWPZ map. The results indicate that around 35.6% of the area falls into good to excellent potential zone, mainly found in the northeastern and southeastern plains, showing permeable alluvial soils and high rainfall infiltrations. Whereas, 18.4% of the areas fall into the poor to fair zones, mostly located in urban and industrial area. Previous studies mostly used a single-model frameworks, this study deployed AHP-GIS approach with Random-forest based validation, achieving a strong predictive accuracy of AUC = 0.83. This integration increases model robustness and provides a reliable foundation for exploring groundwater potential zones in data-scarce semi-arid regions. We further performed the spatial alignment of the GWPZ map with LULC data to validate the results. The high recharge zones matched well with alluvial areas, while the low-potential zones overlapped with built-up areas. The findings provide a valuable framework for groundwater sustainability in the semi-arid areas, suggesting policymakers protect vulnerable zones from overexploitation.</p>

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Exploring groundwater potential zones using AHP-GIS and RS techniques with RF validation: a case study of tangshan city for sustainable groundwater management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Arifullah,
  • Yicheng Wang,
  • Hejia Wang,
  • Sajjad Hussain,
  • Jia Liu,
  • Haider Abbas,
  • Farkhanda Abbas,
  • Sana Nazli,
  • Nazim Hussain

摘要

Groundwater resources face increasing stress due to climate change and rapid urban growth in semi-arid regions. The current study used an integrated approach involving the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Remote Sensing (RS) to delineate groundwater potential zones in Tangshan City. Seven important thematic layers were derived from the geospatial database. These layers were assigned weights based on expert knowledge and normalized them using AHP techniques to generate GWPZ map. The results indicate that around 35.6% of the area falls into good to excellent potential zone, mainly found in the northeastern and southeastern plains, showing permeable alluvial soils and high rainfall infiltrations. Whereas, 18.4% of the areas fall into the poor to fair zones, mostly located in urban and industrial area. Previous studies mostly used a single-model frameworks, this study deployed AHP-GIS approach with Random-forest based validation, achieving a strong predictive accuracy of AUC = 0.83. This integration increases model robustness and provides a reliable foundation for exploring groundwater potential zones in data-scarce semi-arid regions. We further performed the spatial alignment of the GWPZ map with LULC data to validate the results. The high recharge zones matched well with alluvial areas, while the low-potential zones overlapped with built-up areas. The findings provide a valuable framework for groundwater sustainability in the semi-arid areas, suggesting policymakers protect vulnerable zones from overexploitation.