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<p>The northwest Arabian Gulf, south of Iraq, is considered a strategically important region, especially after the construction of the Grand Faw Port, which possesses the longest breakwater in the world. Numerous scientific, economic, political, and historical studies have been conducted in the region. Holocene deposits contain characteristic mineral assemblages that provide direct evidence of sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental conditions. This research paper focuses on the mineralogy of two cores of sediments 40&#xa0;m below the seabed. XRD analysis revealed a predominance of quartz, calcite, and albite, with differing ratios of clay minerals, indicating dynamic conversions in the sedimentary environment and salinity regimes over time. In addition, X-ray-oriented clay sections revealed high levels of chlorite, as well as high levels of mixed layers of Mon-Chl, with significant proportions of montmonerlite, illite, and paleokorskite. These proportions indicate that marine conditions primarily influenced the paleoenvironment. The presence of kaolinite at all depths, along with illite, indicates the presence of significant amounts of terrestrial-derived sediments in humid environments, such as riverine or coastal environments. Furthermore, the sand layers indicate the presence of monocrystalline quartz, reflecting sea- level fluctuations in the region, and the grain shapes reflect differences in transport mechanisms and sedimentation energy. In addition, there are high proportions of carbonate rock fragments.</p>

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The evolution of paleoenvironments in the Holocene period NW Arabian Gulf, Southern Iraq

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月26日

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  • Zainab A. Al-Humaidan,
  • Mohanad H. Al-Jaberi,
  • Wala′a Majeed Al-Mosawi

摘要

The northwest Arabian Gulf, south of Iraq, is considered a strategically important region, especially after the construction of the Grand Faw Port, which possesses the longest breakwater in the world. Numerous scientific, economic, political, and historical studies have been conducted in the region. Holocene deposits contain characteristic mineral assemblages that provide direct evidence of sediment provenance and paleoenvironmental conditions. This research paper focuses on the mineralogy of two cores of sediments 40 m below the seabed. XRD analysis revealed a predominance of quartz, calcite, and albite, with differing ratios of clay minerals, indicating dynamic conversions in the sedimentary environment and salinity regimes over time. In addition, X-ray-oriented clay sections revealed high levels of chlorite, as well as high levels of mixed layers of Mon-Chl, with significant proportions of montmonerlite, illite, and paleokorskite. These proportions indicate that marine conditions primarily influenced the paleoenvironment. The presence of kaolinite at all depths, along with illite, indicates the presence of significant amounts of terrestrial-derived sediments in humid environments, such as riverine or coastal environments. Furthermore, the sand layers indicate the presence of monocrystalline quartz, reflecting sea- level fluctuations in the region, and the grain shapes reflect differences in transport mechanisms and sedimentation energy. In addition, there are high proportions of carbonate rock fragments.